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mpc
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# Multiparty Threshold ECDSA ## Preliminaries - [Math](math.md) - Cryptography - [Basic](basic.md) - [Advanced](advanced.md) - [Blockchain](blockchain.md) ## Publications ### GG-series - [GG18] Fast Multiparty Threshold ECDSA with Fast Trustless Setup - [Paper](https://eprint.iacr.org/2019/114.pdf) - Revised - ZK range proofs - [中文實例說明(看懂這篇就全懂了，厲害👍)](http://aandds.com/blog/multiparty-threshold-ecdsa.html) - Source Code - [Golang code from Binance](https://github.com/bnb-chain/tss-lib)] - [[Video]ACM CSS 2018](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PdfDZIwuZm0) - Known Attacks on GG18 - [2021 Alpha-Ray: Key Extraction Attacks on Threshold ECDSA Implementations](https://eprint.iacr.org/2021/1621.pdf) - [(HackMD)'Alpha-Rays' behind the scenes](https://hackmd.io/@omershlo/Sk_8JT-qt) - [(Fireblocks) A Note on the Security of GG18](https://info.fireblocks.com/hubfs/A_Note_on_the_Security_of_GG.pdf) - [Reply from Cybavo](https://www.cybavo.com/blog/cybavo-mpc-safe-against-key-extraction-attacks-paper/) - [(Reply from SFAEHERON)Finding from iString Lab](https://blog.safeheron.com/blog/insights/safeheron-originals/warning-gg18-20-based-attack-towards-mpc-threshold-signature) - [2020 (ZenGo X) Attacking Threshold Wallets](https://eprint.iacr.org/2020/1052.pdf) - [(Video)Multiple Bugs in MPC: Breaking Cryptocurrency's Strongest Wallets](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Okqvm4lBQI) - [Slide](https://www.aumasson.jp/data/talks/BH20_mpctss.pdf) - [Slide 20](https://www.aumasson.jp/data/talks/tss_mpts20.pdf) - [Slide 21](https://www.aumasson.jp/data/talks/tss_rwc21.pdf) - [(Velas)Counter-Strike: Threshold Attack](https://medium.com/velasblockchain/counter-strike-threshold-attack-87f3b456b1e0) - [Pull Request for Golden Shoe Attack from Binance](https://github.com/bnb-chain/tss-lib/pull/89) - [PR for disable without range proofs from ING-bank](https://github.com/ing-bank/threshold-signatures/pull/32/files) - [CVE-2020-12118](https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2020-12118)) - [GG20] One Round Threshold ECDSA with Identifiable Abort - [Paper](https://eprint.iacr.org/2020/540.pdf) - [Source code from Coinbase](https://github.com/coinbase/kryptology)] - Known Attacks on GG20 - [2021 Alpha-Ray: Key Extraction Attacks on Threshold ECDSA Implementations](https://eprint.iacr.org/2021/1621.pdf) - [Pull Request from Coinbase](https://github.com/coinbase/kryptology/pull/16/files) - [GG21] UC Non-Interactive, Proactive, Threshold ECDSA with Identifiable Aborts - [Paper](https://eprint.iacr.org/2021/060.pdf) - [Announcement from Taurus](https://blog.taurushq.com/first-open-source-implementation-of-mpc-cmp/)  - [Source code] - [(Taurus Group)Implementation](https://github.com/taurusgroup/multi-party-sig) - [[Rust] Webb - CGGMP Threshold ECDSA Distributed Key Generation Protocol](https://github.com/webb-tools/cggmp-threshold-ecdsa) - Implementing all ZKPs for 4-round (O(n^2)) identifiable abort - [[Video] Short Concept Introduction](https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3372297.3423367#) - [Introduction from Fireblocks](https://www.fireblocks.com/blog/ccs-threshold-ecdsa/) - [[Short Video]Introduction on the main concept of GG21](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tNptKxswmvg) - [Presentation in NIST](https://csrc.nist.gov/presentations/2020/mpts2020-3a3) - [(video)](https://www.nist.gov/video/mpts-2020-talk-3a3-uc-non-interactive-proactive-threshold-ecdsa-identifiable-aborts) [](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zXCSPWxWA-s) *Technical Overview (Must Read)* - Preliminaries - Proactive Key Refresh - Universally Composable (UC) Security Framework - leveraging [Paillier Encryption (from wikipedia)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paillier_cryptosystem) as a commitment scheme - Pedersen Commitments - DDH ### Techical Note - [Wallet Infrastructure Comparisons](https://hackmd.io/@torus/ryzootvn5) - [(Medium)On UC Non-interactive, Proactive, Threshold ECDSA](https://medium.com/iovlabs-innovation-stories/on-uc-non-interactive-proactive-threshold-ecdsa-fda5916edc50)  - [(Coinbase)Threshold Digital Signatures](https://www.coinbase.com/blog/threshold-digital-signatures) - Deeper dive into threshold signatures ### Other Publications - [2021 Refresh When You Wake Up: Proactive Threshold Wallets with Offline Devices](https://eprint.iacr.org/2019/1328.pdf) - [Blog Article](https://www.omershlomovits.com/blog/entry-03-4yatg) - [2022 Better than Advertised Security for Non-interactive Threshold Signatures](https://crypto.iacr.org/2022/papers/538806_1_En_18_Chapter_OnlinePDF.pdf) - [Source Code(Python)](https://github.com/mmaller/multi_and_threshold_signature_reductions) - [2022 Low-Bandwidth Threshold ECDSA via Pseudorandom Correlation Generators](https://eprint.iacr.org/2021/1587.pdf) - [2022 Fast Threshold ECDSA with Honest Majority](https://eprint.iacr.org/2020/501.pdf) - [2022 On the security of ECDSA with additive key derivation and presignatures](https://eprint.iacr.org/2021/1330.pdf) - [2020 Threshold ECDSA for Decentralized Asset Custody](https://eprint.iacr.org/2020/498.pdf) - [Source Code(Go)](https://github.com/aleph-zero-foundation/threshold-ecdsa) - [2018 Fast Secure Multiparty ECDSA with Practical Distributed Key Generation and Applications to Cryptocurrency Custody](https://eprint.iacr.org/2018/987.pdf) - [2020 Securing DNSSEC Keys via Threshold ECDSA From Generic MPC](https://eprint.iacr.org/2019/889.pdf) - another pre-signing protocol - [[Video] MPTS 2020 Talk 3a2: Securing DNSSEC Keys via Threshold ECDSA From Generic MPC](https://csrc.nist.gov/presentations/2020/mpts2020-3a2) - [[Slide]](https://csrc.nist.gov/CSRC/media//Events/mpts2020/slides/mpts2020-3a2-talk-kris.pdf) --- ## Resources - [[Github] Multi-party ECDSA](https://github.com/ZenGo-X/multi-party-ecdsa) - including GG20 - implemented by Rust - Using Signal Messager (P2P network) to replace broadcast channel - [[Github] TSS ECDSA CLI utility](https://github.com/cryptochill/tss-ecdsa-cli) - [[Github] Multiparty threshold ECDSA scheme by ING bank](https://github.com/ing-bank/threshold-signatures) - based on GG18 - implmeneted by Rust - P2P or Broadcast ??? - [Audit Report by Kudelski Security](https://github.com/ing-bank/threshold-signatures/blob/master/docs/report_ing_tss_1.0.pdf) --- ## Supplementaries - [Basic Concept of Cryptography](basic.md) - [Advanced Concept of Cryptograph](advanced.md) ### Multi Party Computation (MPC) - [History of MPC](https://cointelegraphcn.com/news/multi-party-computation) - created by Andrew Yao in 1980's - Yao's millionaires' problem - - [[Video]Multiparty Computation in 5 mins](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_kLET4k2xBQ) - the best explanation video - XOR for multiple keys - Threshold Secret Sharing - Polynorminal interpolation - Average Salary - [[Video]Introduction to MPC in 6 mins](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90jcXCHsBF0) - Average Salary - [[Video]Basic Concept of MPC](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vRVudJADQLk) [Refer to [Slide](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1U5M8b4dePgEgiY4PPeP3DL0LB_kaS34S/view)] - [[2020Cryptography Meetup] A crash course on Secure Multiparty Computation (MPC)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HOqv5xzrlFI) - Privacy Guarantees: - Computational Security - Statistical Security - Perfect Security - Output Guarantees: - Guaranteed Output Delivery (G.O.D.) - Fairness - Security with Abort  - Beaver Triples (a.k.a Multiplication Triples) - [Shamir Secret Sharing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamir%27s_Secret_Sharing) - [[Video] Secret Sharing Explained Virsually](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iFY5SyY3IMQ) - [A Good Example with code](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/shamirs-secret-sharing-algorithm-cryptography/) - [中文範例 with code](https://medium.com/taipei-ethereum-meetup/%E7%A7%81%E9%91%B0%E5%88%86%E5%89%B2-shamirs-secret-sharing-7a70c8abf664) - [An Interactive Emulator](https://iancoleman.io/shamir/) - [[Video] Threshold Signature Scheme(TSS) by Axelar Network](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p2vjRjTtjcI) - Good tutorial from very basic knowledge to TSS - [[Video] Introduction to Multiparty Computation (by Yehuda Lindell)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aDL_KScy6hA) - Secure Multiparty Computation (e.g. Salary Average) - Yao's Garbled Circuits - Secret Share Refresh - Proactive Security - Private Set Intersection (e.g. Google Ads.)  - [MPC Alliance](https://www.mpcalliance.org/) - [Wiki](https://wiki.mpcalliance.org/) - [Learn (Books, Articles, Videos)](https://www.mpcalliance.org/learn) - [(Sepior)MPC Digital Asset Wallet Considerations - Build vs. Buy](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y9nvtJlZvI8) - How to evaluate your wallet options? - [(Unbound Security)Cryptocurrency Protection with MPC & Threshold ECDSA](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AAW5C0cXLIU) - [2013 Multi-Party Computation: From Theory to Practice(Nigel P. Smark at Google in 2013)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LRAN_w1_qmw) - Fully Homomophic Encryption (FHE) + Multi-Party Computation (MPC) - In FHE one has a huge computational cost, but zero communication. - In MPC one has virtually no computational cost, but huge communication. - assume Linear Secrete Sharing is free - SPDZ protocol vs. NNOS protocol - [more details At Microsoft Research in 2016](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pNNLAEygPQI) - ##TODO## - [2020 Threshold Secret Sharing - Gilad Asharov](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5tDp_-Nf7nU) - Error Correction - Reed Solomon - Berlekamp-Welch Algorithm --- ## Services - [Sepior - Advanced MPC Digital Asset Wallet & Custody Infrastructure](https://sepior.com/) - [Fireblocks - an easy to use platform to create new blockchain based products and manage day-to-day digital asset opterations](https://www.fireblocks.com/blog/ccs-threshold-ecdsa/) --- ## Reference - [MPC Alliance](https://www.mpcalliance.org/) - [Key Length Comparison](https://www.keylength.com/en/compare/) - Provide a mapping table for many standards, e.g. NIST, BSI.
