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Overview of use cases and applications for software-defined radios (SDR)

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# sdr - Software Defined Radio
Overview of use cases and applications for software defined radios (SDR).

This overview is for educational purposes only. Please abide by the applicable laws in your region.

Note: Some use cases are focused on Germany and might not be applicable to other countries (e.g. due to a different utilization of the frequency spectrum).

## Links
### Wikipedia
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software-defined_radio
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum
- https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromagnetisches_Spektrum
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_spectrum
- https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequenzband

### General
- https://www.rtl-sdr.com/about-rtl-sdr/
- https://www.rtl-sdr.com/rtl-sdr-quick-start-guide/ - Installation guide for Windows and Linux
- https://www.rtl-sdr.com/category/applications/
- https://www.rtl-sdr.com/tag/applications-2/
- https://site.ieee.org/wnc/files/2014/04/IEEE_Frady_SDR_Mar_2014.pdf
- https://www.reddit.com/r/RTLSDR/comments/9gp9yp/more_things_to_do_with_an_sdr/
- https://www.rs-online.com/designspark/10-things-you-can-do-with-software-defined-radio
- https://www.ard-digital.de/
- https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCHSPXEOe6VG78r8HTGHuu8w/videos - ARD Digital erklärt
- https://satellitenempfang.info
- https://fernseherfuchs.com/welches-antennekabel/
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_software-defined_radios
- https://www.onesdr.com/
- https://www.onesdr.com/2020/01/15/what-is-software-defined-radio-used-for/
- https://support.nooelec.com/hc/en-us/articles/360005807694-NESDR-SMArt-Series - Device comparison
- http://www.csgnetwork.com/antennaedcalc.html - Antenna length calculator
- https://hackaday.com/2019/03/28/wopr-security-loses-some-of-its-obscurity/
- https://hackaday.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/woprsecure_sdr.png - Device comparison
- https://labs.bishopfox.com/industry-blog/ham-hacks-breaking-into-software-defined-radio - Device comparison
- https://www.qsl.net/w4hn/antennaCalc.htm - Antenna length calculator
- https://pysdr.org/
- https://github.com/pysdr/pysdr
- https://www.rtl-sdr.com/pysdr-a-free-guide-to-sdr-and-dsp-using-python/
- https://fosdem.org/2021/schedule/event/fsr_pysdr_guide_to_sdr_and_dsp_using_python/
- https://www.everythingrf.com/community/what-is-the-difference-between-a-monopole-and-dipole-antenna
- https://discover.hubpages.com/technology/The-Pros-and-Cons-of-Monopole-Antennas
- https://discover.hubpages.com/technology/The-Pros-and-Cons-of-Dipole-Antennas
- https://www.everythingrf.com/community/what-is-a-bias-tee
- https://www.everythingrf.com/community/what-is-dbi
- https://www.everythingrf.com/community/lte-frequency-bands
- https://www.everythingrf.com/community/5g-frequency-bands
- https://www.everythingrf.com/community/5g-nr-new-radio-frequency-bands
- https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27946947 Introduction to open source private LTE and 5G networks
- https://ubuntu.com/blog/introduction-to-open-source-private-lte-and-5g-networks
- https://wiki.radioreference.com/index.php/Main_Page
- https://www.golem.de/news/radio-wie-gut-darf-dab-klingen-2202-162616.html Radio: Wie gut darf DAB+ klingen?
- http://www.websdr.org
- http://kiwisdr.com

### Software
- SDRsharp / SDR#: https://airspy.com/download/
- Zadig: https://zadig.akeo.ie/ - Install drivers for the RTL-SDR
- Gqrx: https://github.com/gqrx-sdr/gqrx
- Gqrx: https://gqrx.dk/
- Gqrx: https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/Gqrx/
- GNU radio: https://github.com/gnuradio/gnuradio
- SDRangel: https://github.com/f4exb/sdrangel
- SDRPlusPlus / SDR++: https://github.com/AlexandreRouma/SDRPlusPlus
- Universal Radio Hacker (URH): https://github.com/jopohl/urh
- HackRF: https://github.com/greatscottgadgets/hackrf
- HackRF Spectrum Analyzer: https://github.com/pavsa/hackrf-spectrum-analyzer
- RedhawkSDR (by NSA): https://github.com/RedhawkSDR/redhawk
- rtl_433: https://github.com/merbanan/rtl_433
- rtlamr: https://github.com/bemasher/rtlamr
- welle.io: https://github.com/AlbrechtL/welle.io
- qt-dab: https://github.com/JvanKatwijk/qt-dab
- QIRX: https://qirx.softsyst.com/
- DVBViewer: https://www.dvbviewer.com/en/index.php and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVBViewer
- Tvheadend: https://tvheadend.org/ and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tvheadend
- Tvheadend: https://github.com/tvheadend/tvheadend
- Kaffeine: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaffeine and https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/Kaffeine/
- Norasector Turbine: https://github.com/norasector/turbine
- GR Tempest: https://github.com/git-artes/gr-tempest
- SDR Enthusiasts: https://github.com/orgs/sdr-enthusiasts/repositories

### Youtube
- [Youtube: Getting Started with the RTL-SDR (Software Defined Radio) - ModernHam](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C01wLvwjLIs)
- [Youtube: The Coolest Radio You've Probably Never Heard Of - Tom the Dilettante](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h4x7cGALaC8)
- [Youtube: The Beginner's Guide To Software Defined Radio RTL-SDR - Tech Minds](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nB6XQSEFwVA)
- [Youtube: 5 Cool Things You Can Do With An RTL SDR Receiver - Tech Minds](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9QzklSyKqQM)
- [Youtube: 5 Cool Things You Can Do With An AIRSPY SDR Receiver - Tech Minds](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zq12KeRSx8Y)
- [Youtube: Installing RTL-SDR & SDR Sharp on Win10 Made Easy - TheSmokinApe](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rUwRt5qn-6U)
- [Youtube: How does Software Defined Radio (SDR) work under the Hood? SDR Tutorial #286](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xQVm-YTKR9s)
- [Youtube: 2020 SDR Guide Ep 1 : The Incredible World of Software Defined Radio (RTL-SDR, Airspy, SDRPlay etc.)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RWeWALpmtQQ)
- [Youtube: SDRsharp für RTL SDR Stick auf Windows 10 installieren - Anleitung deutsch Howto](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0JS0duC7BI)

### Reddit
- https://www.reddit.com/r/RTLSDR/
- https://www.reddit.com/r/sdr/
- https://www.reddit.com/r/amateurradio/
- https://www.reddit.com/r/HamRadio/
- https://www.reddit.com/r/rfelectronics/
- https://www.reddit.com/r/amateursatellites/
- https://www.reddit.com/r/ADSB/

### Electromagnetic Radiation
- https://www.reddit.com/r/RTLSDR/comments/ow9k9l/electromagnetic_spectrum/
- http://unihedron.com/projects/spectrum/index.php
- http://unihedron.com/projects/spectrum/moreinfo.php
- http://unihedron.com/projects/spectrum/downloads/
- http://unihedron.com/projects/spectrum/downloads/spectrum-20190805.pdf - The Electromagnetic Radiation Spectrum Map

## Overview of Use Cases
### FM broadcasting
- Radio, terrestrial, analog
- also known as UKW-Radio
- VHF-Band II, 87.5 - 108 MHz
- https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/UKW-Rundfunk
- https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrakurzwelle#Verwendung_des_UKW-Frequenzspektrums
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Band_II
- https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B6rfunk
- https://radiomap.eu/de/berlin - Actual frequencies
- https://learn.adafruit.com/getting-started-with-rtl-sdr-and-sdr-sharp/sdr-number-fm-radio
- SDRsharp / SDR#

### DABplus
- Radio, terrestrial, digital
- also known as DAB+
- VHF-Band III, 174.160 - 229.840 MHz
- https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting
- https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-DAB-Frequenz
- https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/VHF-Band_III
- https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_der_DAB-Sender_in_Deutschland
- http://www.digitalradio-in-deutschland.de/bayern/ - Actual frequencies
- welle.io (see Software section)
- qt-dab (see Software section)

### DVB-T
- Television, terrestrial
- also known as DVB-T / DVB-T2 / DVB-T2 HD
-  470 - 690 MHz
- https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVB-T2
- https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVB-T2_HD
- https://www.ndr.de/der_ndr/empfang_und_technik/dvbtzweidatenblatthhsh100.pdf
- https://tvhelfer.de/dvbt2/de/hh - Actual frequencies
- http://www.dehnmedia.de/?page=sender&subpage=tsender6
- https://www.hauppauge.de/site/products/data_solohd.html
- https://www.hauppauge.de/site/products/data_dualhd.html
- https://www.hauppauge.de/site/products/data_wintv_v10.html
- DVB-T2 supports bandwidths of 1.7, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 10 MHz, while DVB-T only supports a bandwidth of 6, 7 and 8 MHz. Source: https://www.lokalkompass.de/duesseldorf/c-ratgeber/unterschied-dvb-t-und-dvb-t2-vom-experten-erklaert_a815969
- DVB-T2 Bandwidth UHF 8 MHz. Source: https://download.hr.de/services/empfang-und-verbreitungswege/dvb-t2-hd/technische-parameter-dvb-t-zwei-100.pdf
- https://www.dvbtstick.de/ratgeber/dvb-t-software
- https://www.enensys.com/technologies/dvb-t2/
- https://www.linuxtv.org/wiki/index.php/DVB-T2_USB_Devices

### DVB-S
- Television, satellite
- also known as DVB-S / DVB-S2
- Satellite frequency: 10.7 - 11.75 GHz or 11.8 - 12.75 GHz
- LNB: 950 - 2175 MHz (Low-noise block downconverter)
- https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVB-S
- https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rauscharmer_Signalumsetzer
- https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellitenrundfunk
- https://www.hauppauge.de/site/products/data_nova-s2.html
- https://www.hauppauge.de/site/products/data_wintv_v10.html
- https://www.linuxtv.org/wiki/index.php/DVB-S_USB_Devices
- https://www.linuxtv.org/wiki/index.php/DVB-S2_USB_Devices

### Air band
- also known as Flugfunk
- 108 - 137 MHz
- 108 - 117.95 MHz, 50 kHz steps, reserved for navigational aids
- 118 - 136.975 MHz, 25 kHz steps, AM
- 117.975 - 137 MHz
- https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flugfunk
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airband
- https://skyvector.com/airports
- SDRsharp / SDR#

### ADS-B
- Aircraft positioning
- also known as Mode S. ADS-B is an extension of the older Mode S protocol.
- 1090 MHz
- https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Dependent_Surveillance
- https://www.rtl-sdr.com/adsb-aircraft-radar-with-rtl-sdr/
- https://www.rtl-sdr.com/signalseverywhere-ads-b-aircraft-tracking-with-rtl-sdr-dump1090-and-virtual-radar-server/
- https://www.virtualradarserver.co.uk/
- https://github.com/antirez/dump1090
- https://globe.adsbexchange.com/
- https://www.flightradar24.com
- https://www.radarbox.com
- https://flightaware.com/live/
- https://github.com/adsbxchange/adsb-exchange
- https://github.com/jprochazka/adsb-receiver
- https://github.com/mikenye/docker-readsb
- https://github.com/mikenye/gitbook-adsb-guide

### Marine band
- Marine VHF radio
- 156 - 162 MHz
- https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobiler_Seefunkdienst_(Ultrakurzwelle)
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_VHF_radio

### AIS
- Marine vessel positioning
- AIS 1: 161.975 MHz (Channel 87B)
- AIS 2: 162.025 MHz (Channel 88B)
- https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Identification_System
- https://www.rtl-sdr.com/rtl-sdr-tutorial-cheap-ais-ship-tracking/
- https://www.marinetraffic.com
- https://www.vesselfinder.com
- https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26625908 Vessel Finder
- https://github.com/OpenCPN/OpenCPN
- https://openmarine.net/openplotter

### GNSS
- General positioning
- GPS (USA), Galileo (EU), Glonass (Russia), Beidou (China), Navic (India), QZSS (Japan)
- https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globales_Navigationssatellitensystem
- https://www.rtl-sdr.com/rtl-sdr-tutorial-gps-decoding-plotting/
- https://gnss-sdr.org/
- https://github.com/gnss-sdr/gnss-sdr
- https://www.onesdr.com/list-of-gnss-frequency-and-accuracy/
- https://berthub.eu/articles/posts/galmon-project/
- https://galmon.eu/
- https://www.everythingrf.com/community/gps-frequency-bands

### Amateur radio
- also known as HAM radio
- 144 - 146 MHz
- 430 - 440 MHz
- https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amateurfunkdienst
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amateur_radio
- https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notfunk
- https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-Meter-Band
- https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/70-Zentimeter-Band

### Citizens band radio
- also known as CB-Funk
- 26.565 - 27.405 MHz (80 channels)
- https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/CB-Funk
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizens_band_radio
- CB-Funk vs. Amateurfunk: http://www.jan-pawlowski.de/funktechnik.html , https://www.amateurradio.uni-halle.de/glossary/funk-faq.de.html

### Weather station
- Local consumer weather station
- 433 MHz or 868 MHz
- https://www.kompf.de/weather/rtlsdrsensor.html
- https://github.com/skaringa/weather-sdr-decode
- rtl_433 (see Software)

### Weather satellite
- NOAA
- 137 MHz
- [Youtube: How to Pull Images from Satellites in Orbit Part 1 (NOAA 15,18,19 and METEOR M2) - The Thought Emporium](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cjClTnZ4Xh4)
- [Youtube: Receiving Images From Satellites Part 2: Decoding and Demodulating NOAA and METEOR Transmissions - The Thought Emporium](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3ftfGag7D8)
- https://old.reddit.com/r/RTLSDR/comments/nfueyb/i_am_going_to_get_hated_for_even_asking_this/gyo77on/
- https://noaa-apt.mbernardi.com.ar/guide.html
- https://www.rtl-sdr.com/rtl-sdr-tutorial-receiving-noaa-weather-satellite-images/

## Related topics
- Television: DVB-C (Cable)
- IPTV
- IP Radio
- Streaming / Mediathek

## Todo
- https://rickcaylor.websitetoolbox.com/post/using-rtlsdr-for-dvbs2-10128573
- https://forum.amsat-dl.org/index.php?thread/101-software-dvb-s-demodulator/
- https://www.rtl-sdr.com/demodulating-dvb-s-digital-amateur-tv-with-sdrangel-on-windows-with-an-sdr/
- https://www.rtl-sdr.com/transmitting-and-receiving-datv-with-a-limesdr-and-a-modified-20-dvb-s-receiver/
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_in_Germany
- Radio over DVB-S (e.g. [Bayerischer Rundfunk](https://www.br.de/unternehmen/inhalt/technik/rundfunktechnik-radio-satellit100.html))
- PMR446, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMR446
- https://www.teltarif.de/iptv-fernsehen-online-tv-streaming/news/84833.html - IPTV und Online-TV-Streaming
- https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29945181 GNU Radio

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