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Benchmark to compare async web server + interpreter + web client implementations across various languages

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Benchmark the same async program across Rust, OCaml, and F#.

These days, it's mostly used to benchmark F# in various different configurations.

# Benchmark overview

This is a benchmark to test what's the best language for implementing Dark in.
Dark already has [an
implementation](https://github.com/darklang/dark/blob/main/backend/libexecution/ast.ml),
but we are looking for improvements, especially around async.

The benchmark is fizzbuzz: using an interpreter connected to web server,
dynamically calculate fizzbuzz and return it as a JSON response. This is to
test the raw speed of the HTTP server and interpreter.

The most important metric is _requests/second_.

# Contributing

No-one likes to see their favorite language lose at benchmarks, so please feel
free to submit pull requests to improve existing benchmarks, or add new
variations (different web servers, new languages/frameworks, etc). Some rules:

- the interpreter must be easy to update, add to, and improve. As such, no
  microoptimizations, assembly code, JITs, etc. However, it is fine to:
  - add one-off fixes that for example, improve the compiler optimization
    settings, the webserver configuration, etc. Whatever you'd use for best
    performance in production is fine.
  - if the code had bad performance that's unfairly penalizing your language
    (eg due to a compiler bug), it's fine to propose alternatives
  - fix existing bad code (eg if data is being copied unnecessarily)
  - provide code review for existing implementations
- I can't imagine all the ways that people will try to game this, so I'm
  definitely going to reject things that don't support how we'd actually want
  to write Dark's backend. New rules will come as this happens.

## Overview of codebase

The benchmark is implemented in [measure.py](measure.py). Requires [wrk](https://github.com/wg/wrk) to be installed.

Run `./measure` to test all the fizzbuzz implementations, or
`./measure <directory_name1> <directory_name2> <etc>` to test a subset
of them.

### Benchmarks

Each benchmark candidate is in its own directory, which has some known files:

- `./install.sh` - installs dependencies
- `./build.sh` - builds the server. This should use release configuration
- `./run.sh` - runs the server on port 5000
- `BROKEN` - if this file exists, skip the implementation in this directory

Benchmarks implement a HTTP server connected to an interpreter which each
implement a simple subset of the dark language.

The purpose of the benchmark is to establish:

- how fast the language is
- what is the cost of async
- test variations of using async to see how performance can be improved

The sync implementation helps us figure out a baseline for the performance. We
can then compare the sync and async implementation on fizzbuzz to see how much
async costs.

Different languages can be compared async-vs-async for (which is raw performance
given fizzbuzz constraints).

The optimized async implementation is to see the value of different
optimizations and see if there are ways to optimize above a baseline async
implementation.

## Results

Recent results are posted to the [Result issue](https://github.com/darklang/fizzboom/issues/13)

## Code of Conduct

Dark's community is held to the Dark [Code of Conduct](./CODE-OF-CONDUCT.md).
Benchmarks can be contentious, please be kind to all people involved.

## License

MIT

fizzboom

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