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Cloud Firestore model framework for iOS - Google

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### ⚠️ Pring is deprecated <br>

### Please use 🧢 [Ballcap](https://github.com/1amageek/Ballcap-iOS) 🧢<br>
Ballcap is new Cloud Firestore framework

---
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https://github.com/1amageek/pring.ts

# Pring <β>
Firestore model framework.
The concept of Document and Collection has been added to Firestore. Pring defines the Scheme of the Document and enables type - safe programming. SubCollection can also be defined in Scheme.

[Deep Dive into the Firebase](https://github.com/1amageek/Pring/wiki/Deep-Dive-into-the-Firebase)

Please report issues [here](https://github.com/1amageek/Pring/issues/new)

## Requirements ❗️
- iOS 10 or later
- Swift 4.0 or later
- [Firebase firestore](https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/quickstart)
- [Firebase storage](https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/ios/start)
- [Cocoapods](https://github.com/CocoaPods/CocoaPods/milestone/32) 1.4 ❗️  ` gem install cocoapods --pre `

## Installation ⚙
#### [CocoaPods](https://github.com/cocoapods/cocoapods)

- Insert `pod 'Pring' ` to your Podfile.
- Run `pod install`.

## Feature 🎊

☑️ You can define Firestore's Document scheme.<br>
☑️ Of course type safety.<br>
☑️ It seamlessly works with Firestore and Storage.<br>
☑️ You can easily associate subcollections.<br>
☑️ Support GeoPoint.<br>

## Design 💻

[Firestore Database Design](https://speakerdeck.com/1amageek/firestore-database-design)

If you are going to use `Firestore` and make products, I recommend you to read it.

## TODO ✅

###

### Implementation
- [x] Implement DataType that Firestore can handle
- [x] Implement data management
- [x] Implement custom DataType (Specification under consideration)
- [x] Implement linkage with Firestorage
- [x] Implement the NestedCollection feature
- [x] Implement the ReferenceCollection feature
- [x] Implement DataSource
- [x] Implement Query-enabled DataSource (Specification under consideration)

### Verification (Running Unit test)
- [x] Verify the implementation of DataType that Firestore can handle
- [x] Verify the implementation of data management
- [x] Verify the implementation of custom DataType
- [x] Verify cooperation with Firestorage
- [x] Verify the implementation of the NestedCollection feature
- [x] Verify the implementation of the ReferenceCollection feature
- [x] Verify the implementation of Query-enabled DataSource

If you have a Feature Request, please post an [issue](https://github.com/1amageek/Pring/issues/new).

## Usage

For example..

``` swift
@objcMembers
class User: Object {
    @objc enum UserType: Int {
        case normal
        case gold
        case premium        
    }
    dynamic var type: UserType = .normal
    dynamic var name: String?
    dynamic var thumbnail: File?
    dynamic var followers: ReferenceCollection<User> = []
    dynamic var items: NestedCollection<Item> = []
    
    // Custom property
    override func encode(_ key: String, value: Any?) -> Any? {
        if key == "type" {
            return self.type.rawValue
        }
        return nil
    }

override func decode(_ key: String, value: Any?) -> Bool {
        if key == "type" {
            self.type = UserType(rawValue: value as! Int)
            return true
        }
        return false
    }
}
```

``` swift
@objcMembers
class Item: Object {
    dynamic var thumbnail: File?
    dynamic var name: String? = "OWABIISHI"
}
```

``` swift
// Set an arbitrary ID
let user: User = User(id: "ID")
user.save()
```

``` swift
let userA: User = User()
userA.name = "userA"
userA.thumbnail = File(data: UIImageJPEGRepresentation(IMAGE, 0.3)!, mimeType: .jpeg)

let userB: User = User()
userB.name = "userB"
userB.thumbnail = File(data: UIImageJPEGRepresentation(IMAGE, 0.3)!, mimeType: .jpeg)

let item: Item = Item()
item.thumbnail = File(data: UIImageJPEGRepresentation(IMAGE, 0.3)!, mimeType: .jpeg)

userA.followers.insert(userB)
userA.items.insert(item)
userA.save()
```

__Important❗️__

Pring clearly separates save and update. This is to prevent unexpected overwriting.
Pring provides three methods of initializing Object.

#### Initialization giving AutoID to Object
```swift
let user: User = User()
```

#### Initialization giving arbitrary ID
```swift
let user: User = User(id: "YOUR_ID") // isSaved false
```

#### Initialization when dealing with already saved Object
If you are dealing with an Object that has already been saved, please perform the following initialization.
In case of this initialization can not save Please update.
```swift
let user: User = User(id: "YOUR_ID", value: [:]) // isSaved true
```

It is the developer's responsibility to manage the saved state of the Object.

### Scheme

Pring inherits Object class and defines the Model. Pring supports many data types.

``` swift
@objcMembers
class User: Object {
    dynamic var array: [String]                     = ["array"]
    dynamic var set: Set<String>                    = ["set"]
    dynamic var bool: Bool                          = true
    dynamic var binary: Data                        = "data".data(using: .utf8)!
    dynamic var file: File                          = File(data: UIImageJPEGRepresentation(UIImage(named: "")!, 1))
    dynamic var url: URL                            = URL(string: "https://firebase.google.com/")!
    dynamic var int: Int                            = Int.max
    dynamic var float: Double                       = Double.infinity
    dynamic var date: Date                          = Date(timeIntervalSince1970: 100)
    dynamic var geoPoint: GeoPoint                  = GeoPoint(latitude: 0, longitude: 0)
    dynamic var list: List<Group>                   = []    
    dynamic var dictionary: [String: Any]           = ["key": "value"]    
    dynamic var string: String                      = "string"
    
    let group: Reference<Group>                         = .init()
    let nestedCollection: NestedCollection<Item>   　　　　　　　　　　= []
    let referenceCollection: ReferenceCollection<User>  = []
}
```

| DataType | Description |
|---|---|
|Array|It is Array type.|
|Set|It is Set type.In Firestore it is expressed as `{"value": true}`.|
|Bool|It is a boolean value.|
|File|It is File type. You can save large data files.|
|URL|It is URL type. It is saved as string in Firestore.|
|Int|It is Int type.|
|Float|It is Float type. In iOS, it will be a 64 bit Double type.|
|Date|It is Date type.|
|GeoPoint|It is GeoPoint type.|
|List|It is Object array type.|
|Dictionary|It is a Dictionary type. Save the structural data.|
|nestedCollection or referenceCollection|It is SubCollection type.|
|String|It is String type.|
|Reference|It is Reference type. It hold `DocumentReference`|
|Null|It is Null type.|
|Any|It is custom type. You can specify it as a custom type if it is a class that inherits from NSObject.|

⚠️ `Bool` `Int` `Float` `Double` are not supported optional type.

### ⚙️ Manage data

#### Save
Document can be saved only once.

``` swift
let object: MyObject = MyObject()
object.save { (ref, error) in
   // completion
}
```

#### Retrieve
Retrieve document with ID.

``` swift
MyObject.get(document!.id, block: { (document, error) in
    // do something
})
```

#### Update
Document has an update method.
Be careful as it is different from [Salada](https://github.com/1amageek/Salada).

``` swift
MyObject.get(document!.id, block: { (document, error) in
    document.string = "newString"
    document.update { error in
       // update
    }
})
```

#### Delete
Delete document with ID.

``` swift
MyObject.get(document!.id, block: { (document, error) in
    document.delete()
})
```

#### Batched writes

``` swift
let batch: WriteBatch = Firestore.firestore().batch()
batch.add(.save, object: userA)    //  ** File is not saved.
batch.add(.update, object: userB)
batch.add(.delete, object: userC)
batch.commit(completion: { (error) in
  // error handling
})
```

### List
List can access the Object faster than NestedCollection.
List holds data in Document, not SubCollection.

```swift
// save
let order: Order = Order()
do {
    let orderItem: OrderItem = OrderItem()
    orderItem.name = "aaaa"
    orderItem.price = 39
    order.items.append(orderItem)
}
do {
    let orderItem: OrderItem = OrderItem()
    orderItem.name = "bbb"
    orderItem.price = 21
    order.items.append(orderItem)
}
order.save()
```

Be sure to update the parent's object when updating data.
```swift
// update
Order.get("ORDER_ID") { (order, error) in
    order.items.first.name = "hoge"
    order.update()
}
```

### 📄 File
**Pring** has a File class because it seamlessly works with Firebase Storage.

#### Save
File is saved with Document Save at the same time.

``` swift
let object: MyObject = MyObject()
object.thumbnailImage = File(data: PNG_DATA, mimeType: .png)
let tasks: [String: StorageUploadTask] = object.save { (ref, error) in

}
```

`save` method returns the StorageUploadTask that is set with the key.
For details on how to use StorageUploadTask, refer to [Firebase docs](https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/ios/upload-files?authuser=0).

``` swift
let task: StorageUploadTask = tasks["thumbnailImage"]
```

#### Get data
Get data with size.

``` swift
let task: StorageDownloadTask = object.thumbnail.getData(100000, block: { (data, error) in
    // do something
})
```

#### Update
If the Document is already saved, please use update method.
`update` method also returns StorageUploadTask.
Running update method automatically deletes old files.

``` swift
let newFile: File = File(data: PNG_DATA, mimeType: .png)
object.thumbnailImage = newFile
object.update()
```

#### Delete
Delete it with `delete` method.

``` swift
object.thumbnailImage = File.delete()
object.update()
```

If it is held in an array, automatic file deletion is done by deleting from the array and updating it.
``` swift
object.files.remove(at: 0)
object.update()
```

### Nested Collection & Reference Collection

`NestedCollection` and `ReferenceCollection` are classes that define SubCollection.

When holding `File` in SubCollection, saving of `File` will be executed first. When many `File`s are stored in SubCollection at once, the performance deteriorates.

#### Nested Collection
- NestedCollection nests data and saves it under the document.
- The destination path of File is nested path.

#### Reference Collection
- ReferenceCollection saves the documentID under the document.
- Data is saved separately.

``` swift
@objcMembers
class User: Object {
    dynamic var name: String?
    dynamic var followers: ReferenceCollection<User> = []
    dynamic var items: NestedCollection<Item> = []
}

@objcMembers
class Item: Object {
    dynamic var thumbnail: File?
}

let userA: User = User()
userA.name = "userA"

let userB: User = User()
userB.name = "userB"

let item: Item = Item()
item.thumbnail = File(data: JPEG_DATA, mimeType: .jpeg)

userA.followers.insert(userB)
userA.items.insert(item)
userA.save()
```

```swift
let item: Item = Item()
userA.items.insert(item)
userA.update() { error in
  if let error = error {
    // error handling
    return
  }
  // do something
}
```

### DataSource

DataSource is a class for easy handling of data retrieval from Collection.
``` swift
class DataSourceViewController: UITableViewController {

var dataSource: DataSource<User>?
    
    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        self.dataSource = User.order(by: \User.createdAt).limit(to: 30).dataSource()
            .on({ [weak self] (snapshot, changes) in
                guard let tableView: UITableView = self?.tableView else { return }
                switch changes {
                case .initial:
                    tableView.reloadData()
                case .update(let deletions, let insertions, let modifications):
                    tableView.beginUpdates()
                    tableView.insertRows(at: insertions.map { IndexPath(row: $0, section: 0) }, with: .automatic)
                    tableView.deleteRows(at: deletions.map { IndexPath(row: $0, section: 0) }, with: .automatic)
                    tableView.reloadRows(at: modifications.map { IndexPath(row: $0, section: 0) }, with: .automatic)
                    tableView.endUpdates()
                case .error(let error):
                    print(error)
                }
            }).listen()
    }

// MARK: - Table view data source

override func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView, numberOfRowsInSection section: Int) -> Int {
        return self.dataSource?.count ?? 0
    }

override func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView, cellForRowAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> UITableViewCell {
        let cell: DataSourceViewCell = tableView.dequeueReusableCell(withIdentifier: "DataSourceViewCell", for: indexPath) as! DataSourceViewCell
        configure(cell, atIndexPath: indexPath)
        return cell
    }

func configure(_ cell: DataSourceViewCell, atIndexPath indexPath: IndexPath) {
        guard let user: User = self.dataSource?[indexPath.item] else { return }
        cell.textLabel?.text = user.name
        cell.disposer = user.listen { (user, error) in
            cell.textLabel?.text = user?.name
        }
    }

func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView, didEndDisplaying cell: DataSourceViewCell, forRowAt indexPath: IndexPath) {
        cell.disposer?.dispose()
    }

override func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView, canPerformAction action: Selector, forRowAt indexPath: IndexPath, withSender sender: Any?) -> Bool {
        return true
    }

override func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView, commit editingStyle: UITableViewCellEditingStyle, forRowAt indexPath: IndexPath) {
        if editingStyle == .delete {
            self.dataSource?.removeDocument(at: indexPath.item)
        }
    }
}
```

#### SubCollection DataSource
``` swift
User.get("USER_ID") { (user, error) in
    guard let user: User = user else { return }
    self.dataSource = user.followers.order(by: \User.createdAt).dataSource()
        .on { (snapshot, changes) in
            // something
        }.listen()
}
```

#### Synchronous Client Side Join
```swift
@objcMembers
class User: Object {

let group: Reference<Group> = Reference()
}
```

Please add `on(parse:)` to DataSource.

```swift
self.dataSource = User.order(by: \User.updatedAt).dataSource()
    .on({ [weak self] (snapshot, changes) in
        guard let tableView: UITableView = self?.tableView else { return }
        debugPrint("On")
        switch changes {
        case .initial:
            tableView.reloadData()
        case .update(let deletions, let insertions, let modifications):
            tableView.beginUpdates()
            tableView.insertRows(at: insertions.map { IndexPath(row: $0, section: 0) }, with: .automatic)
            tableView.deleteRows(at: deletions.map { IndexPath(row: $0, section: 0) }, with: .automatic)
            tableView.reloadRows(at: modifications.map { IndexPath(row: $0, section: 0) }, with: .automatic)
            tableView.endUpdates()
        case .error(let error):
            print(error)
        }
    })
    .on(parse: { (snapshot, user, done) in
        user.group.get({ (group, error) in
            done(user)
        })
    })
    .onCompleted({ (snapshot, users) in
        debugPrint("completed")
    })
    .listen()
```

### Query

#### Get documents

```swift
User.where(\User.name, isEqualTo: "name").get { (snapshot, error) in
    print(snapshot?.documents)
}
```

#### Get SubCollections

__WHERE__
```swift
let user: User = User(id: "user_id")
user.items.where(\Item.name, isEqualTo: "item_name").get { (snapshot, error) in
    print(snapshot?.documents)
}
```

__ORDER__
```swift
let user: User = User(id: "user_id")
user.items.order(by: \Item.updatedAt).get { (snapshot, error) in
    print(snapshot?.documents)
}
```

**Create DataSource from Query**

```swift
let user: User = User(id: "user_id")
user.items
    .where(\Item.name, isEqualTo: "item_name")
    .dataSource()
    .on({ (snapshot, change) in
        // do something
    })
    .onCompleted { (snapshot, items) in
        print(items)
}
```

## Full-text search

Please use ElasticSearch or Algolia when performing full-text search on Firebase.
There is a library when implementing with Swift.

https://github.com/miuP/Algent

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