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heir

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A compiler for homomorphic encryption

// repository documentation

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# HEIR: Homomorphic Encryption Intermediate Representation

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An MLIR-based toolchain for
[homomorphic encryption](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homomorphic_encryption)
compilers. Read the docs at [the HEIR website](https://heir.dev).

For more information on MLIR, see the [MLIR homepage](https://mlir.llvm.org/).

## Quickstart

There are currently three ways to use HEIR:

- Use [`bazel`](https://bazel.build/) and
  [`rules_heir`](https://registry.bazel.build/modules/rules_heir/) with either
  the [OpenFHE](https://openfhe.org/) or
  [Lattigo](https://github.com/tuneinsight/lattigo) backends.
- Install [OpenFHE](https://openfhe.org/) and use the
  [`heir_py`](https://pypi.org/project/heir-py/) Python package.
- Install HEIR from source and invoke the `heir-opt` and `heir-translate`
  binaries directly, extracting the generated backend code and integrating it
  into your project manually.

See [Getting Started](https://heir.dev/docs/getting_started/) for more details.

## Building from source

This project uses `bazel` for its build system. Install
[bazelisk](https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazelisk) to manage the bazel version
automatically. Then, with `bazel` on your path (pointing to `bazelisk`), run the
following to build the main pass-running tool.

```bash
bazel build //tools:heir-opt
```

Or run an end-to-end test like

```bash
bazel test //tests/Examples/openfhe/ckks/halevi_shoup_matvec:all
```

HEIR depends on LLVM (from source) so a clean build may take 30 minutes
depending on your machine. For faster builds, use
[BuildBuddy](https://www.buildbuddy.io/). Sign up for an account, create an API
key, and add the following to `.bazelrc.user` in the root of the HEIR workspace:

```
common --remote_header=x-buildbuddy-api-key=<YOUR_API_KEY>
common --config=remote
```

This should reduce a clean build time to about 5 minutes.

See the [bazel tips](https://heir.dev/docs/development/bazel/) page for more
example commands and tips on using bazel.

## Supported backends and schemes

| Backend Library | BGV | BFV | CKKS | CGGI |
| --------------- | --- | --- | ---- | ---- |
| OpenFHE         | ✅  | ✅  | ✅   | ❌   |
| Lattigo         | ✅  | ✅  | ✅   | ❌   |
| tfhe-rs         | ❌  | ❌  | ❌   | ✅   |
| Jaxite          | ❌  | ❌  | ❌   | ✅   |

Note some backends do not support all schemes.

## Contributing

There are many ways to contribute to HEIR:

- Come to our [monthly meetings](https://heir.dev/community/) to discuss active
  work on HEIR and future project directions. The meetings are recorded and
  posted to our [blog](https://heir.dev/blog/) and
  [YouTube channel](https://www.youtube.com/@HEIRCompiler).
- Come to our [weekly office hours](https://heir.dev/community/) for informal
  discussions and debugging help.
- Ask questions or discuss feature ideas in the `#heir` channel on
  [the FHE.org discord](https://discord.fhe.org/).
- Work on an issue marked
  ["good first issue"](https://github.com/google/heir/contribute) or browse
  issues [labeled by topic](https://github.com/google/heir/labels).
- Help us understand new FHE research: either
  - Read a paper tagged under
    [research synthesis](https://github.com/google/heir/labels/research%20synthesis)
    and summarize the novel techniques that could be ported to HEIR.
  - File new issues under
    [research synthesis](https://github.com/google/heir/labels/research%20synthesis)
    to alert us of papers that should be investigated and incorporated into
    HEIR.

## Citations

The HEIR project can be cited in academic work through the following entry:

```text
@misc{ali2025heir,
      title={HEIR: A Universal Compiler for Homomorphic Encryption},
      author={Asra Ali and Jaeho Choi and Bryant Gipson and Shruthi Gorantala
              and Jeremy Kun and Wouter Legiest and Lawrence Lim and Alexander
              Viand and Meron Zerihun Demissie and Hongren Zheng},
      year={2025},
      eprint={2508.11095},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CR},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.11095},
}
```

## Support disclaimer

This is not an officially supported Google product.

heir

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