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ai-docs-vector-db-hybrid-scraper

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Retrieval-augmented docs ingestion stack: Firecrawl + Crawl4AI + Qdrant vector search with FastAPI and MCP interfaces for AI engineers.

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# AI Documentation Vector Database Hybrid Scraper

![Python 3.11](https://img.shields.io/badge/python-3.11-blue.svg)
![Vector DB: Qdrant](https://img.shields.io/badge/vector%20db-Qdrant-f24e1e.svg)
![License: MIT](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-MIT-green.svg)

AI-focused documentation ingestion and retrieval stack that combines Firecrawl and
Crawl4AI powered scraping with a Qdrant vector database. The project exposes both
FastAPI and MCP interfaces, offers mode-aware configuration (solo developer vs
enterprise feature sets), and ships with tooling for embeddings, hybrid search,
retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) workflows, and operational monitoring.

## Overview

The system ingests documentation sources, generates dense and sparse embeddings,
stores them in Qdrant, and serves hybrid search and RAG building blocks. It is
built for AI engineers who need reliable documentation ingestion pipelines,
reproducible retrieval quality, and integration points for agents or
applications.

## Highlights

- Multi-tier crawling orchestration (`src/services/browser/unified_manager.py`)
  covering lightweight HTTP, Crawl4AI, browser-use, Playwright, and Firecrawl,
  plus a resumable bulk embedder CLI (`src/crawl4ai_bulk_embedder.py`).
- Hybrid retrieval stack leveraging OpenAI and LangChain FastEmbed dense
  embeddings plus FastEmbedSparse BM25 signals, reranking, and HyDE augmentation
  through the modular Qdrant
  service (`src/services/vector_db/` and `src/services/hyde/`).
- Dual interfaces: REST endpoints in FastAPI (`src/api/routers/v1/`) and a
  FastMCP server (`src/unified_mcp_server.py`) that registers search, document
  management, analytics, and content intelligence tools for Claude Desktop /
  Code.
- Built-in API hardening with SlowAPI-powered global rate limiting configured
  through the `SecurityConfig` model and middleware stack.
- Observability built in: OpenTelemetry tracing, structured logging, health
  checks, optional Dragonfly cache, and `/metrics` exposure via
  `prometheus-fastapi-instrumentator` (`src/services/observability/`).
- Developer ergonomics with uv-managed environments, dependency-injector driven
  service wiring, Ruff + pytest quality gates, and a unified developer CLI
  (`scripts/dev.py`).

## Table of Contents

- [Overview](#overview)
- [Highlights](#highlights)
- [Architecture](#architecture)
- [Core Components](#core-components)
- [Quick Start](#quick-start)
  - [Prerequisites](#prerequisites)
  - [Environment variables](#environment-variables)
  - [Clone & Install](#clone--install)
  - [Run the FastAPI application](#run-the-fastapi-application)
  - [Run the MCP server](#run-the-mcp-server)
  - [Bulk ingestion CLI](#bulk-ingestion-cli)
  - [Docker Compose](#docker-compose)
- [Configuration](#configuration)
- [Testing & Quality](#testing--quality)
- [Documentation & Resources](#documentation--resources)
- [Contributing](#contributing)
- [License](#license)

## Architecture

```mermaid
flowchart LR
    subgraph clients["Clients"]
        mcp["Claude Desktop / MCP"]
        rest["REST / CLI clients"]
    end

subgraph mcp_server["FastMCP server"]
        registry["Tool registry (register_all_tools)"]
    end

subgraph api["FastAPI application"]
        router["Mode-aware routers"]
        factory["Service factory"]
    end

subgraph processing["Processing layer"]
        crawl["Unified crawling manager"]
        embed["Embedding manager"]
        search["Hybrid retrieval"]
    end

subgraph data["Storage & caching"]
        qdrant[("Qdrant vector DB")]
        redis[("Redis / Dragonfly cache")]
        storage["Local docs & artifacts"]
    end

subgraph observability["Observability"]
        metrics["Prometheus exporter"]
        health["Health & diagnostics"]
    end

mcp --> registry
    registry --> processing
    rest --> api
    api --> processing
    processing --> crawl
    processing --> embed
    processing --> search
    crawl --> firecrawl["Firecrawl API"]
    crawl --> crawl4ai["Crawl4AI"]
    crawl --> browseruse["browser-use / Playwright"]
    embed --> openai["OpenAI"]
    embed --> fastembed["FastEmbed / optional FlagEmbedding"]
    search --> qdrant
    processing --> redis
    api --> metrics
    metrics --> observability
    processing --> health
    health --> observability
```

The FastMCP server now registers tool modules directly through
``register_all_tools``. Dependencies are resolved once from the shared
``ApplicationContainer`` and provided to the tool registrars without an
intermediate services layer, keeping the runtime surface minimal and
maintainable.

The observability surface relies entirely on the OpenTelemetry and Prometheus
stack: FastAPI and MCP emit spans and metrics that flow into the collector,
with Grafana dashboards consuming those native feeds. No bespoke analytics
dashboards or visualization engines ship with the application.

## Core Components

### Infrastructure Orchestration

- `ApplicationContainer` (`src/infrastructure/container.py`) is the single source
  of truth for wiring clients (OpenAI, Qdrant, Redis, Firecrawl), caches, vector
  storage, crawling, embeddings, monitoring, and RAG helpers. Runtime surfaces pull
  dependencies from the container using `dependency-injector` providers rather than
  instantiating bespoke managers.
- `src/infrastructure/bootstrap.py` exposes `ensure_container` and
  `container_session` helpers so FastAPI lifespans, the unified MCP server, CLI
  utilities, and evaluation scripts share identical lifecycle management without
  reimplementing startup/shutdown logic.
- Service initialization is coordinated through container lifecycle hooks with
  deterministic startup/shutdown ordering, ensuring shared resources (HTTP sessions,
  vector stores, MCP sessions, monitoring tasks) are initialised once and cleaned up
  safely.

### Crawling & Ingestion

- AutomationRouter centralizes tier analysis while UnifiedBrowserManager delegates
  multi-tier scraping and tracks quality metrics.
- Firecrawl and Crawl4AI adapters plus browser-use / Playwright integrations cover static and dynamic sites.
- `src/crawl4ai_bulk_embedder.py` streams bulk ingestion, chunking, and embedding into Qdrant with resumable state and progress reporting.
- `docs/users/web-scraping.md` and `docs/users/examples-and-recipes.md` include tier selection guidance and code samples.

#### LangChain splitter matrix & hybrid retrieval glue

The ingestion stack no longer ships bespoke "basic" or "enhanced" chunkers. Every
surface—FastAPI, MCP, CLI—calls the shared
`src/services/document_chunking.chunk_to_documents` helper, which orchestrates a
matrix of LangChain text splitters selected from document metadata:

- Markdown → `MarkdownHeaderTextSplitter` + recursive refinement for heading-aware
  segments.
- HTML → `HTMLSemanticPreservingSplitter` (or header/section splitters when
  semantic parsing is disabled) with optional whitespace normalisation.
- Code → `RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter.from_language` seeded from inferred file
  extensions or crawler metadata.
- JSON → `RecursiveJsonSplitter` for structured payloads.
- Token aware → `TokenTextSplitter.from_tiktoken_encoder` for strict token
  budgets.
- Plain text → `RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter` using newline/space fallbacks.

All splitter variants preserve inferred `kind` and provenance fields. The
ingestion document builder assigns canonical chunk positions before storage, so
downstream services never rely on bespoke schemas.
See the LangChain text splitter catalogue for implementation details.[^langchain-splitters]

Dense and sparse embeddings are sourced from the LangChain FastEmbed wrappers—
`FastEmbedEmbeddings` for dense vectors and `FastEmbedSparse` for BM25-compatible
representations—allowing hybrid searches without vendor SDK drift.[^fastembed]
`VectorStoreService` wires both outputs into LangChain's `QdrantVectorStore`, so
ingestion code and documentation examples share a single integration point.[^langchain-qdrant]

```python
from langchain_community.embeddings import FastEmbedEmbeddings
from langchain_qdrant import FastEmbedSparse, QdrantVectorStore

from src.services.document_chunking import chunk_to_documents, infer_document_kind
from src.config.models import ChunkingConfig

config = ChunkingConfig(chunk_size=1600, chunk_overlap=200)
documents = chunk_to_documents(
    raw_text,
    metadata,
    infer_document_kind(metadata, "text"),
    config,
)

store = QdrantVectorStore.from_documents(
    documents,
    embedding=FastEmbedEmbeddings(model_name="BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5"),
    sparse_embeddings=FastEmbedSparse(model_name="qdrant/bm25"),
    url="http://localhost:6333",
    collection_name="documentation",
)
```

Toggle dense-only, sparse-only, or hybrid retrieval before startup with
`AI_DOCS_EMBEDDING__RETRIEVAL_MODE`. Hybrid mode persists both vector modalities
and enables Qdrant's sparse+dense scoring during search.[^qdrant-hybrid]

### Vector Search & Retrieval

- `src/services/vector_db/` wraps collection management, hybrid search orchestration, adaptive fusion, and payload indexing.
- Dense embeddings via OpenAI or FastEmbed, optional sparse vectors via SPLADE, and reranking hooks are configurable through Pydantic models (`src/config/models.py`).
- HyDE augmentation and caching live under `src/services/hyde/`, enabling query expansion for RAG pipelines.
- Search responses return timing, scoring metadata, and diagnostics suitable for observability dashboards.

### Caching

- The unified `CacheManager` (`src/services/cache/manager.py`) fronts the Dragonfly cache, hashing keys and enforcing TTL policies across embeddings, search, HyDE, and browser flows.
- Specialized helpers such as the HyDE cache depend on `CacheManager`, ensuring a single entry point for embeddings, search results, and warm-up flows.
- Configure Dragonfly URLs and TTLs via the cache models in `src/config/models.py`; the manager automatically wires Prometheus metrics when enabled.

### Interfaces & Tooling

- FastAPI routes (`/api/v1/search`, `/api/v1/documents`, `/api/v1/collections`) expose the core ingestion and retrieval capabilities.
- The FastMCP server (`src/unified_mcp_server.py`) registers search, document, embedding, scraping, analytics, cache, and content intelligence tool modules (`src/mcp_tools/`).
  MCP tooling now expects dependencies to be supplied explicitly—services resolve
  once from the dependency-injector container during startup and are passed into
  the tool ``register_tools()`` functions rather than through intermediate
  service wrappers.
- Developer CLI (`scripts/dev.py`) manages services, testing profiles, benchmarks, linting, and type checking.
- Example notebooks and scripts under `examples/` demonstrate agentic RAG flows and advanced search orchestration.

### Observability & Operations

- `/metrics` endpoints are exposed through
  `prometheus-fastapi-instrumentator`, while OpenTelemetry spans capture
  embedding, cache, database, and RAG pipeline telemetry; the database
  manager emits `db.query.duration` histograms for each session. All
  analytics are powered by these native observability feeds instead of
  custom dashboards. See `docs/observability/embeddings_telemetry.md` and
  `docs/operators/monitoring.md` for configuration details.
- Health probes for system resources, Qdrant, Redis, RAG configuration, and application metadata are centrally coordinated by the `HealthCheckManager` (`src/services/observability/health_manager.py`), ensuring MCP tools and FastAPI dependencies share the same health state.
- A single `GET /health` endpoint on the FastAPI and FastMCP servers reports the aggregated system status; per-service health endpoints have been removed.
- Optional Dragonfly cache, PostgreSQL, Prometheus, and Grafana services are provisioned via `docker-compose.yml` profiles.
- Structured logging and SlowAPI-based rate limiting are configured through the middleware manager (`src/services/fastapi/middleware/manager.py`) and security helpers (`src/services/fastapi/middleware/security.py`).

#### AI Telemetry Quickstart

1. Enable OTLP export (set in `.env` or deployment secrets):
   ```bash
   export OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_ENDPOINT="http://localhost:4317"
   export OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_HEADERS="Authorization=Bearer <token>"
   ```
2. Run an OpenTelemetry Collector that forwards spans/metrics to your backend:
   ```yaml
   receivers:
     otlp:
       protocols:
         grpc:
         http:
   processors:
     batch: {}
   exporters:
     prometheus:
       endpoint: "0.0.0.0:9464"
     otlp:
       endpoint: "https://observability.example.com:4317"
       headers:
         authorization: "Bearer ${OBSERVABILITY_API_TOKEN}"
   service:
     pipelines:
       metrics:
         receivers: [otlp]
         processors: [batch]
         exporters: [prometheus, otlp]
       traces:
         receivers: [otlp]
         processors: [batch]
         exporters: [otlp]
   ```
3. Scrape `/metrics` with Prometheus (the collector exposes the OTLP pipeline
   to Prometheus in the example above). Helpful PromQL snippets:
   ```promql
   sum by (model) (rate(ai_operation_tokens{operation="embedding"}[5m]))
   sum by (operation) (increase(ai_operation_cost[1h]))
   histogram_quantile(
     0.95,
     sum by (le) (rate(ai_operation_duration_bucket{operation="embedding"}[5m]))
   )
   ```
4. Trace dashboards can group spans with `gen_ai.operation.name`,
   `gen_ai.request.model`, and `gen_ai.usage.*` attributes to visualize
   synchronous embeds versus asynchronous batch jobs.

### Security & Validation

- `src/security/ml_security.py` provides the consolidated `MLSecurityValidator` for URL, query, and filename validation alongside dependency and container scanning hooks.
- FastAPI and MCP flows use the shared validator via dependency helpers, ensuring a single source of truth for sanitization and auditing logic.
- Rate limiting defaults (`default_rate_limit`, `rate_limit_window`, optional Redis storage) are controlled through `SecurityConfig` and applied via the global SlowAPI limiter.

## Run locally

### Prerequisites

- Python 3.11 and [uv](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv) for dependency management.
- A running Qdrant instance (local Docker welcome: `docker compose --profile simple up -d qdrant`).
- API keys only for providers you enable.

### Environment variables

| Variable | Purpose | Example |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `AI_DOCS_QDRANT__URL` | Points services at your Qdrant instance. | `http://localhost:6333` |
| `AI_DOCS_OPENAI__API_KEY` | Enables OpenAI embeddings and HyDE prompts. | `your_openai_api_key_here` |
| `AI_DOCS_BROWSER__FIRECRAWL__API_KEY` | Authenticates Firecrawl API usage. | `your_firecrawl_api_key_here` |
| `AI_DOCS_CACHE__DRAGONFLY_URL` | Points distributed caching at Dragonfly. | `redis://localhost:6379` |
| `FASTMCP_TRANSPORT` | Chooses MCP transport (`streamable-http` or `stdio`). | `streamable-http` |
| `FASTMCP_HOST` / `FASTMCP_PORT` | Hostname and port for MCP HTTP transport. | `127.0.0.1` / `8000` |

Store secrets in a `.env` file or your secrets manager and export them before
running the services.

### Clone and install

```bash
git clone https://github.com/BjornMelin/ai-docs-vector-db-hybrid-scraper
cd ai-docs-vector-db-hybrid-scraper
uv sync --dev --frozen
```

The runtime image excludes Crawl4AI's transformer stack, BGE reranking, and the
agent-driven browser stack. The development group already includes `browser-use`
for adapter contract tests. Install the optional BGE reranker only when enabled:

```bash
uv sync --dev --frozen --extra reranking
```

Set `AI_DOCS_RERANKING__ENABLED=true` after installing the reranking extra.
For a non-development installation that enables the `browser_use` provider, use
`uv sync --frozen --no-dev --extra agentic-browser`.

### Run the FastAPI application

```bash
docker compose --profile simple up -d qdrant
uv run uvicorn src.api.main:app --host 127.0.0.1 --port 8000
```

Visit `http://localhost:8000/docs` for interactive OpenAPI docs.

### Search API payloads

All search endpoints accept the canonical [`SearchRequest`](src/models/search.py) body. Minimal example:

```json
{
  "query": "vector databases",
  "limit": 5
}
```

Responses are emitted as [`SearchResponse`](src/contracts/retrieval.py) payloads containing canonical [`SearchRecord`](src/contracts/retrieval.py) entries. Example response payload:

```json
{
  "query": "vector databases",
  "total_results": 2,
  "processing_time_ms": 12.4,
  "records": [
    {
      "id": "doc-1",
      "content": "Install Qdrant with Docker...",
      "score": 0.91,
      "collection": "documentation"
    },
    {
      "id": "doc-2",
      "content": "Manage hybrid sparse+dense search pipelines...",
      "score": 0.88,
      "collection": "documentation"
    }
  ]
}
```

### Run the MCP server

```bash
FASTMCP_TRANSPORT=streamable-http FASTMCP_PORT=8001 \
  uv run python src/unified_mcp_server.py
```

The server validates configuration on startup and registers the available MCP tools at `http://127.0.0.1:8001/mcp`. The checked-in Claude Desktop configuration uses stdio instead:

1. Copy `config/claude-mcp-config.example.json` to your Claude settings directory
   and update the `command` field if you use a virtual environment wrapper.
2. Replace its `cwd` value with the absolute repository path.
3. Add canonical `AI_DOCS_*` provider settings only when you enable those providers.
4. Restart Claude Desktop / Code so it reloads the MCP manifest and tool list.

### Bulk ingestion CLI

```bash
uv run python -m src.crawl4ai_bulk_embedder --help
```

Use CSV/JSON/TXT URL lists to scrape, chunk, embed, and upsert into Qdrant with resumable checkpoints.

### Docker Compose

- Simple profile (API + Qdrant): `docker compose --profile simple up -d`
- Enterprise profile (adds Dragonfly, PostgreSQL, Prometheus, and Grafana): `docker compose --profile enterprise up -d`

Stop with `docker compose down` when finished.

## Configuration

- Configuration is defined with Pydantic models in `src/config/models.py`; explicit constructor values and environment variables override `.env`, activated `config.json`, and model defaults in that order.
- Typed settings control providers, retrieval, caching, and observability.
- Detailed configuration guidance lives in `docs/developers/setup-and-configuration.md` and operator runbooks under `docs/operators/`.

## Testing & Quality

```bash
# Unit and focused integration tests
uv run python scripts/dev.py test --profile quick

# Full suite with coverage (mirrors CI)
uv run python scripts/dev.py test --profile ci

# Format, lint, and type-check
uv run python scripts/dev.py quality
```

Performance and benchmark suites are available via `uv run python scripts/dev.py benchmark`, load tests run through `uv run python scripts/dev.py load --host http://localhost:8000`, and chaos-focused stress suites live under `tests/` with dedicated markers.

## Documentation & Resources

- User guides: `docs/users/` (quick start, search, scraping recipes, troubleshooting).
- Developer deep dives: `docs/developers/` (API reference, integration, architecture).
- Operator handbook: `docs/operators/` (deployment, monitoring, security).
- Research notes and experiments: `docs/research/`.

Publishable MkDocs output is generated under `site/` when running the documentation pipeline.

## Contributing

Contributions are welcome. Read the [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md) guide for
development workflow, coding standards, and review expectations. Please include
tests and documentation updates with feature changes. If this stack accelerates
your RAG pipelines, consider starring the repository so other developers can
discover it.

## License

Released under the [MIT License](LICENSE).

[^langchain-splitters]: LangChain text splitter reference – <https://python.langchain.com/docs/modules/data_connection/document_transformers/text_splitters/>
[^fastembed]: FastEmbed dense and sparse configuration guide – <https://qdrant.tech/documentation/fastembed/>
[^langchain-qdrant]: LangChain Qdrant vector store integration – <https://python.langchain.com/docs/integrations/vectorstores/qdrant/>
[^qdrant-hybrid]: Qdrant hybrid sparse+dense search overview – <https://qdrant.tech/articles/hybrid-search/>

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