utokyo_syspro_baremetal

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utokyo_syspro_baremetal

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Baremetal environment for "System programming lab" class in Dept. of Information Science, The University of Tokyo

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# utokyo_syspro_baremetal
Baremetal environment for "System programming lab" class in Dept. of Information Science, The University of Tokyo.

## Dependencies
The bootloader is implemented referencing UEFI Specification Version 2.8 ([PDF](https://uefi.org/sites/default/files/resources/UEFI_Spec_2_8_final.pdf)).
To support UEFI boot in qemu emulation, OVMF is automatically installed by `make` command. The following tools need to
be installed by users to build the bootloader, the kernel and the apps.

- x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc : Cross-compiler for building UEFI bootloader
- qemu-system-x86_64 : Emulator

```
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt upgrade
$ sudo apt install -y mingw-w64 qemu-system-x86 unzip git make gcc
```

The bootloader can be built on any environment if the cross-compiler `x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc` is installed. The kernel and the apps have to be built on x86_64 Linux (in order to use `-T` option of `ld` command). I do not assume some specific
version of `gcc`, but the `gcc` version on writer's test environment is shown below.

```
$ gcc --version

gcc (Ubuntu 7.5.0-3ubuntu1~18.04) 7.5.0
```

## Quick start
After installing `x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc` and `qemu-system-x86_64`, do the following commands.

```
$ git clone https://github.com/sykwer/utokyo_syspro_baremetal
$ cd utokyo_syspro_baremetal/kernel
$ make qemu
```

The kernel will paint all the part of the window in ayame color.

![alt Physical memory map](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/sykwer/utokyo_syspro_baremetal/master/images/ayame.png)

## Boot from USB
Booting from USB is supported on UEFI-boot suppored systems. The writer tested USB boot on the following machines.

- HP ZBook 15v G5
- MacBookPro 2014
- MacBookPro 2019

To boot from USB, follow the instructions below.

- Format Partition1 of USB drive in FAT32
- Run 'make' command in 'kernel' directory
- Copy all the files under 'fs/' directory to USB
- Boot from USB on your real machine

```
// Find usb device file
$ sudo fdisk -l
// Assume this prints `/dev/sdc` here

// Start fdisk session
$ sudo fdisk /dev/sdc

Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 1
Partition 1 has been deleted.

Command (m for help): o
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x190598a4.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended (container for logical partitions)

Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-61439999, default 2048):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-61439999, default 61439999):
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 29.3 GiB.

Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): b
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'W95 FAT32'.

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

// FAT32 format
$ sudo mkfs.vfat -F 32 /dev/sdc1

// Mount USB
$ sudo mount /dev/sdc1 /path/to/mount-point

// Prepare files under fs directory
$ cd /path/to/utokyo_syspro_baremetal/kernel
$ make

// Copy file system
$ sudo cp -R /path/to/utokyo_syspro_baremetal/fs/* /path/to/mount-point/

// Unmount
$ sudo umount /path/to/mount-point
```

## Physical memory map
The built images of the kernel and the apps are loaded by the bootloader to the physical addresses dipicted in the figure below.
- kernel : origin=0x100000000, length=16MiB
- app1   : origin=0x104000000, length=16MiB
- app2   : origin=0x105000000, length=16MiB
- app3   : origin=0x106000000, length=16MiB

![alt Physical memory map](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/sykwer/utokyo_syspro_baremetal/master/images/memory_map.png)

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