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[ICLR 2025] Official repository for “Efficient and Context-Aware Label Propagation for Zero-/Few-Shot Training-Free Adaptation of Vision-Language Model”

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# Efficient and Context-Aware Label Propagation for Zero-/Few-Shot Training-Free Adaptation of Vision-Language Model

This repository provides the official PyTorch implementation of our ICLR 2025 paper:

> [<ins>**Efficient and Context-Aware Label Propagation for Zero-/Few-Shot Training-Free Adaptation of Vision-Language Model**</ins>]
[![](https://img.shields.io/badge/arXiv-red)](https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.18303)
[![](https://img.shields.io/badge/OpenReview-blue)](https://openreview.net/forum?id=D10yarGQNk) 
> Authors: *[<ins>**Yushu Li***</ins>](https://yushu-li.github.io/), [<ins>**Yongyi Su***</ins>](https://yysu.site/), [<ins>**Adam Goodge**</ins>](https://agoodge.github.io/), [<ins>**Kui Jia**</ins>](http://kuijia.site/), [<ins>**Xun Xu†**</ins>](https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=pi0SGQUAAAAJ)*

## 🔍 Overview

<img src = "figures/ECALP_framework.png">


The overall framework of ECALP.

ECALP offers a training-free approach to adapt vision-language models to new image classification tasks. Its label propagation mechanism provides inductive inference, removing the burden of downstream task hyperparameter searches. 
This repository contains the code for ECALP, using pre-extracted image and text features from a fixed CLIP model, and showcases its performance across diverse challenges, including fine-grained categorization, style-transfer, and out-of-distribution scenarios:

* Fine-Grained Categorization Tasks
* Style-Transfer Tasks
* Out-of-Distribution Tasks

## 📐 Prerequisites

### Hardware

This implementation supports single-GPU configurations. We recommend an NVIDIA RTX 3090 with 24GB of memory for optimal performance, as used in our experiments.

### Environment 
The code is tested on PyTorch 1.13.1.

### Pre-extracted Features

Image and text features for this implementation are extracted using the DMN repository with fixed CLIP models (ResNet50 and VIT-B/16). See the [DMN](https://github.com/YBZh/DMN) repository for extraction details.

To simplify setup, we have pre-extracted these features. Download the archive from [Google Drive](https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/10MMCLgnm32XqgS-iPgw0I2Y3y4gzL_47?usp=sharing), organized in the following directory structure:

```
./features/
├── fine_grained/
│   ├── RN/
│   └── VIT/
├── out_of_distribution/
│   ├── RN/
│   └── VIT/
└── style_transfer/
    ├── RN/
    └── VIT/
```

## 🚀 Run ECALP

This section details how to execute ECALP using the provided main.py script.

Usage:

```
python main.py --help
usage: main.py [-h] 
               [--task {fine_grained,style_transfer,out_of_distribution}]
               [--datasets DATASETS] 
               [--clip_model {RN,VIT}] 
               [--mode {ZS,FS}]
               [--num_shots {1, 2, 4, 8, 16}]

Label Propagation with CLIP Features

options:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  --task {fine_grained,style_transfer,out_of_distribution}
                        Task to process
  --datasets DATASETS   Datasets to process (separated by "/")
  --clip_model {RN,VIT}
                        Name of the CLIP model
  --mode {ZS,FS}        Zero-shot (ZS) or Few-shot (FS) mode
  --num_shots NUM_SHOTS
                        Number of few-shot examples per class
```

### Fine-Grained Tasks:

- Available Datasets:  I/Flower102/DTD/Pets/Cars/UCF101/Caltech101/Food101/SUN397/Aircraft/eurosat

- Example: To run ECALP with CLIP-VIT-B/16 on the DTD dataset in zero-shot mode:
```
python main.py --task fine_grained --datasets DTD --clip_model VIT --mode ZS
```
- Example: To run ECALP with CLIP-RN-50 on the DTD dataset in 16-shot mode:
```
python main.py --task fine_grained --datasets DTD --clip_model RN --mode FS --num_shots 16
```

### Style-Transfer Tasks:
- Available Datasets: A/V/R/K (ImageNet-A, ImageNet-V2, ImageNet-R, ImageNet-Sketch)

- Example: To run ECALP with CLIP-RN-50 on the ImageNet-A dataset in zero-shot mode:
```
python main.py --task style_transfer --datasets A --clip_model RN --mode ZS
```

### Out-of-Distribution Tasks:
- Available Datasets: gaussian_noise/shot_noise/impulse_noise/defocus_blur/glass_blur/motion_blur/zoom_blur/snow/frost/fog/brightness/contrast/elastic_transform/pixelate/jpeg_compression

- Example: to run ECALP with CLIP-VIT-B/16 on the Gaussian Noise dataset in zero-shot mode, use the following command:
```
python main.py --task out_of_distribution --datasets gaussian_noise --clip_model VIT --mode ZS
```

## 📜 Citation
If you find our code useful or our work relevant, please consider citing: 
```BibTeX
@inproceedings{li2025efficient,
  title={Efficient and Context-Aware Label Propagation for Zero-/Few-Shot Training-Free Adaptation of Vision-Language Model},
  author={Yushu Li and Yongyi Su and Adam Goodge and Kui Jia and Xun Xu},
  booktitle={The Thirteenth International Conference on Learning Representations},
  year={2025},
  url={https://openreview.net/forum?id=D10yarGQNk}
}
```

## 🙏 Acknowledgements

We extend our sincere gratitude to the authors of the following repositories for their valuable open-source implementations and data preparation guidance:
- [DMN](https://github.com/YBZh/DMN)
- [ZLaP](https://github.com/YBZh/DMN)
- [TDA](https://github.com/kdiAAA/TDA)
- [CoOp/CoCoOp](https://github.com/KaiyangZhou/CoOp)
- [TPT](https://github.com/azshue/TPT/tree/main)
- [CLIP](https://github.com/openai/CLIP)

ECALP

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