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CodeForces Solution

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# CodeForces Solution

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Codeforces is a website that hosts competitive programming contests. It is maintained by a group of competitive programmers from ITMO University led by Mikhail Mirzayanov. Since 2013, Codeforces claims to surpass Topcoder in terms of active contestants. As of 2018, it has over 600,000 registered users. Codeforces along with other similar websites are used by top sport programmers like Gennady Korotkevich, Petr Mitrichev, Benjamin Qi and Makoto Soejima, and by other programmers interested in furthering their careers.

<table><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">
  <img alt="Codeforces logo.png" src="https://github.com/JayantGoel001/CodeForces/blob/master/Codeforces_logo.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="54" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="65"></td></tr><tr>
  <th scope="row">
  <div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Type of site</div>
  </th>
  <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competitive_programming" title="Competitive programming">Competitive programming</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Available&nbsp;in</th><td>English, Russian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Owner</th><td>Mike Mirzayanov</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Created&nbsp;by</th><td>Mike Mirzayanov</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">URL</th><td class="url"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://codeforces.com/">codeforces<wbr>.com</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet">Alexa</a> rank</th><td>6,660<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Registered_user" title="Registered user">Users</a></th><td>600,000</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Launched</th><td>April&nbsp;10,&nbsp;2009<span style="display:none">&nbsp;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2009-04-10</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Current&nbsp;status</th><td class="category">Active</td></tr></tbody></table>

# Overview

The Codeforces platform is typically used when preparing for competitive programming contests and it offers the following features:

* Short (2-hours) contests, called "Codeforces Rounds", held about once a week.
* Educational contests (2-2.5 hours, with 24 hours hacking period), held 2-3 times per month;
* Challenge/hack other contestants' solutions;
* Solve problems from previous contests for training purposes;
* "Polygon" feature for creating and testing problems;
* Social networking through internal public blogs.

Contestants are rated by a system similar to Elo rating system. There are usually no prizes for winners, though several times a year special contests are held, in which top performing contestants receive T-shirts. Some bigger contests are hosted on Codeforces base, among them "The Lyft Level 5 Challenge 2018", provided by Lyft or "Microsoft Q# Coding Contest — Summer 2018" provided by Microsoft.

Contestants are divided into ranks based on their ratings. Since May 2018, users with ratings between 1900 and 2099 can be rated in both Div. 1 and Div. 2 contests. At the same time, Div. 3 was created for users rated below 1600. The table below was up-to-date on 2018-12-26.

<br/>
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
<th>Rating Bounds
</th>
<th>Color
</th>
<th>Title
</th>
<th>Division
</th>
<th>Number
</th>
<th>Number (by color)
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>≥ 3000
</td>
<td>Black &amp; Red
</td>
<td>Legendary Grandmaster
</td>
<td>1
</td>
<td>23(31)
</td>
<td rowspan="3">338(594)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2600 — 2999
</td>
<td>Red
</td>
<td>International Grandmaster
</td>
<td>1
</td>
<td>103(157)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2400 — 2599
</td>
<td>Red
</td>
<td>Grandmaster
</td>
<td>1
</td>
<td>212(406)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2300 — 2399
</td>
<td>Orange
</td>
<td>International Master
</td>
<td>1
</td>
<td>143(364)
</td>
<td rowspan="2">1234(2492)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2100 — 2299
</td>
<td>Orange
</td>
<td>Master
</td>
<td>1
</td>
<td>1091(2128)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1900 — 2099
</td>
<td>Violet
</td>
<td>Candidate Master
</td>
<td>1/2
</td>
<td>1944(5503)
</td>
<td>1944(5503)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1600 — 1899
</td>
<td>Blue
</td>
<td>Expert
</td>
<td>2
</td>
<td>6387(21596)
</td>
<td>6387(21596)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1400 — 1599
</td>
<td>Cyan
</td>
<td>Specialist
</td>
<td>2/3
</td>
<td>13454(51629)
</td>
<td>13454(51629)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1200 — 1399
</td>
<td>Green
</td>
<td>Pupil
</td>
<td>2/3
</td>
<td>19362(60964)
</td>
<td>19362(60964)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>≤ 1199
</td>
<td>Gray
</td>
<td>Newbie
</td>
<td>2/3
</td>
<td>8270(20125)
</td>
<td>8270(20125)
</td></tr></tbody></table>

# History

Codeforces was created by a group of competitive programmers from Saratov State University led by Mikhail Mirzayanov. It was originally created for those interested in solving tasks and taking part in competitions. The first Codeforces Round was held on the February 19, 2010 with 175 participants. As of the end of July 2019 over 650 rounds were held, with over 9000 registered competitors per round on average. Before 2012 Codeforces Rounds were titled "Codeforces Beta Rounds" to indicate that the system was still under development.

# Academic use

Codeforces is recommended by many universities. According to Daniel Sleator, professor of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University, competitive programming is valuable in computer science education, because competitors learn to adapt classic algorithms to new problems, thereby improving their understanding of algorithmic concepts. He has used Codeforces problems in his class, 15-295: Competition Programming and Problem Solving.

# Hello Barcelona ACM-ICPC Bootcamp

In February 2017, Codeforces supported the Hello Barcelona ACM-ICPC Bootcamp, a training program for students preparing for the ACM International Collegiate Programming Contest. Codeforces founder and CEO Mike Mirzayanov participated as a coach for the program, which invited 150 university students.[22] The second Barcelona bootcamp which was held from Sept 27 to Oct 5, 2017 had participants from 25 different universities including Georgia Institute of Technology, Technical University of Munich and ITMO University.

## Contributors ✨

Thanks goes to these wonderful people ([emoji key](https://allcontributors.org/docs/en/emoji-key)):

<table>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://JayantGoel001.github.io"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/54479676?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Jayant Goel</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/JayantGoel001/CodeForces/commits?author=JayantGoel001" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#ideas-JayantGoel001" title="Ideas, Planning, & Feedback">🤔</a> <a href="https://github.com/JayantGoel001/CodeForces/commits?author=JayantGoel001" title="Tests">⚠️</a> <a href="#maintenance-JayantGoel001" title="Maintenance">🚧</a> <a href="https://github.com/JayantGoel001/CodeForces/commits?author=JayantGoel001" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
  </tr>
</table>

This project follows the [all-contributors](https://github.com/all-contributors/all-contributors) specification. Contributions of any kind welcome!

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