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libfte
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# libfte [](https://pypi.org/project/fte/) [](https://github.com/kpdyer/libfte/actions/workflows/test.yml) [](https://www.python.org/downloads/) [](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT) ## Overview Format-Transforming Encryption (FTE) transforms ciphertext to match arbitrary formats specified by regular expressions. Unlike standard encryption that produces random-looking output, FTE produces ciphertext that looks like whatever format you specify—hexadecimal strings, alphanumeric tokens, or any pattern expressible as a regex. This is useful for: - **Protocol obfuscation**: Make encrypted traffic look like benign data - **Bypassing filters**: Evade systems that block encrypted-looking content - **Steganography**: Hide data in plain sight within expected formats Based on the paper [Protocol Misidentification Made Easy with Format-Transforming Encryption](https://kpdyer.com/publications/ccs2013-fte.pdf) (CCS 2013). ## Installation ```bash pip install fte ``` Works out of the box with pure Python—no compilation required. ## Quick Example Encrypt a secret message so the ciphertext looks like words: ```python import fte # Create encoder: output will be lowercase "words" with spaces encoder = fte.Encoder(regex=r'^([a-z]+ )+[a-z]+$', fixed_slice=80) # Encrypt ciphertext = encoder.encode(b'Attack at dawn') print(ciphertext.decode()) # → "kqpvx mzbjw tnrdc fyhls wqaem xocgi znvub pdkry lfstj bhwce" # Decrypt plaintext, _ = encoder.decode(ciphertext) # → b'Attack at dawn' ``` The ciphertext looks like random text, but contains your encrypted message. ## More Examples ### URL Paths Make ciphertext look like website URLs: ```python encoder = fte.Encoder(regex=r'^/[a-z]+/[a-z]+\.html$', fixed_slice=64) ciphertext = encoder.encode(b'secret') # → "/hsdxanghqvdhb/pvzvdsrpnjktdhnewdfhehaftajibecrluewdyrbekwh.html" ``` ### URL Slugs Make ciphertext look like hyphenated slugs: ```python encoder = fte.Encoder(regex=r'^[a-z]+-[a-z]+-[a-z]+$', fixed_slice=48) ciphertext = encoder.encode(b'secret') # → "dxosmywnpyjuarsfvcado-o-smdsyvovfnnsgzhzelpujnya" ``` ### Alphanumeric Tokens Make ciphertext look like API keys or session tokens: ```python encoder = fte.Encoder(regex='^[A-Za-z0-9]+$', fixed_slice=64) ciphertext = encoder.encode(b'secret') # → "Kj8mNp2xQw4yLr9vBn3cHt6sFg0dAe5iUo7lMz1bXk..." ``` ### One-liner Convenience Functions ```python ciphertext = fte.encode(b'secret', regex='^[a-z]+$', fixed_slice=128) plaintext, _ = fte.decode(ciphertext, regex='^[a-z]+$', fixed_slice=128) ``` See the [`examples/`](examples/) directory for more use cases. ## Optional: Native Extension For ~3x better performance, install GMP and enable the native extension: ```bash # Install GMP sudo apt-get install libgmp-dev # Ubuntu/Debian brew install gmp # macOS # Rebuild with native extension FTE_BUILD_NATIVE=1 pip install --force-reinstall fte # Enable at runtime export FTE_USE_NATIVE=1 ``` ## API Reference ### `fte.Encoder` The main class for FTE encoding/decoding. ```python fte.Encoder(regex: str, fixed_slice: int, key: bytes = None) ``` | Parameter | Description | |-----------|-------------| | `regex` | Regular expression defining output format | | `fixed_slice` | Length of formatted output | | `key` | Optional 32-byte key (random if not provided) | **Methods:** | Method | Description | |--------|-------------| | `encode(plaintext: bytes) -> bytes` | Encrypt and format plaintext | | `decode(ciphertext: bytes) -> (bytes, bytes)` | Decrypt, returns (plaintext, remainder) | | `capacity` | Property: bits of data that fit in `fixed_slice` | ### Convenience Functions ```python fte.encode(plaintext, regex='^[a-z]+$', fixed_slice=256, key=None) fte.decode(ciphertext, regex='^[a-z]+$', fixed_slice=256, key=None) ``` ### Environment Variables | Variable | Description | |----------|-------------| | `FTE_USE_NATIVE=1` | Use C++ extension at runtime | | `FTE_BUILD_NATIVE=1` | Build C++ extension during install | ## How It Works 1. **Encryption**: Your plaintext is encrypted with AES-CTR and authenticated with HMAC-SHA512 2. **Ranking**: The ciphertext (an integer) is converted to a string in the regular language using a DFA ranking algorithm 3. **Output**: The result is a string matching your regex that encodes your encrypted data The capacity depends on your regex—more symbols means more bits per character: | Format | Regex | Bits/char | |--------|-------|-----------| | Binary | `^[01]+$` | 1.0 | | Hex | `^[0-9a-f]+$` | 4.0 | | Alphanumeric | `^[A-Za-z0-9]+$` | 5.95 | ## References [1] [Protocol Misidentification Made Easy with Format-Transforming Encryption](https://kpdyer.com/publications/ccs2013-fte.pdf) Kevin P. Dyer, Scott E. Coull, Thomas Ristenpart and Thomas Shrimpton ACM CCS 2013 ## License MIT License - see [LICENSE](LICENSE) for details.
