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cpp-language-server

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Microsoft C++ Language Server brings C++ code intelligence to GitHub Copilot CLI

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![Demo using GitHub Copilot CLI in the bullet3 C++ project where several LSP operations are invoked.](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/microsoft/cpp-language-server/main/assets/demo.gif)

_The Microsoft C++ Language Server is currently in preview and may be subject to change in future releases._

**Microsoft C++ Language Server** brings the same C++ code intelligence used in Visual Studio and VS Code to GitHub Copilot CLI on Windows, macOS, and Linux. It provides fast, accurate understanding of C++ codebases with features like symbol search and semantic navigation.

# Prerequisites

Before you get started, make sure you have:

- An active [GitHub Copilot](https://github.com/features/copilot) subscription
- [GitHub Copilot CLI](https://docs.github.com/en/copilot/how-tos/copilot-cli/set-up-copilot-cli/install-copilot-cli)
- [npm](https://www.npmjs.com/package/npm?activeTab=readme)

# 🚀 Quick start

1. Install the [`cpp-language-server` plugin from the copilot-plugins marketplace](https://github.com/github/copilot-plugins). From within GitHub Copilot CLI, run:

```text
   /plugin install cpp-language-server@copilot-plugins
   ```

This bundles the language server and auto-updates with the latest version, so you don't need to install the npm package manually.

2. Run `npx @microsoft/cpp-language-server --accept-eula --login` to accept the [license terms](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@microsoft/cpp-language-server?activeTab=code) and login to GitHub. An active GitHub Copilot subscription is required.
3. Create a [`compile_commands.json` file](https://clang.llvm.org/docs/JSONCompilationDatabase.html) for your project. If your CMake or MSBuild (vcxproj) project doesn't already have a `compile_commands.json`, run the [`generate-compile-commands` skill](./plugins/cpp-language-server/skills/generate-compile-commands/SKILL.md) in GitHub Copilot CLI with a prompt like "regenerate compile commands" or "load project" to generate one and configure the language server. If you don't want to use the skill, you can [add `-DCMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS=ON`](https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/variable/CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS.html) during configuration for CMake projects, or follow [this sample application](https://github.com/microsoft/msbuild-extractor-sample) to generate the file for MSBuild projects.

> [!NOTE]
   > For custom build systems, we recommend [following the guidance provided to generate a project-specific skill](./AUTHORING_EXTRACTOR_SKILL.md) so the steps are reproducible for your team across each build.

4. Launch GitHub Copilot CLI from your project root directory.
5. Within GitHub Copilot CLI, run `/lsp show`. You should see a "cpp" server running.
6. Use GitHub Copilot CLI like normal, now with enhanced C++ capabilities. To nudge the agent to use the tools, try adding phrases like "use LSP tools" to your prompt.

# 📢 Reporting feedback

To report a problem or suggest an improvement to the Microsoft C++ Language Server, [open an issue on this repo](https://github.com/microsoft/cpp-language-server/issues/new). Please include the operating system, version of GitHub Copilot CLI and Microsoft C++ Language Server (reported with `--version`), and any relevant configuration or project files in your report.

Additional detailed logs are stored in a workspace-specific directory under `$TEMP/mscppls`. Before attaching any logs to a public issue, review the content of the log to remove any sensitive information.

# Installation

The Microsoft C++ Language Server is distributed via npm.

- Install: `npm install -g @microsoft/cpp-language-server`
- Update: `npm update -g @microsoft/cpp-language-server`
- Uninstall: `npm uninstall -g @microsoft/cpp-language-server`

Installing the Microsoft C++ Language Server will add a new executable named `mscppls` to your environment. This executable acts both as an LSP server and as a utility to set certain configuration options.

## Supported platforms

- **Windows**: x64, arm64
- **macOS**: x64, arm64
- **Linux (glibc)**: x64, arm64, arm32 (Ubuntu 18.04+, Debian 10+, RHEL 8+)
- **Linux (musl/Alpine)**: x64, arm64, arm32 (Alpine 3.x+)

### Linux requirements

On Linux, the language server loads `libcurl` and `libsecret` at runtime for
telemetry, authentication, and credential storage.
Most distributions include these by default. If they are missing:

- **Debian/Ubuntu**: `sudo apt-get install libcurl4 libsecret-1-0 gnome-keyring`
- **RHEL/CentOS**: `sudo yum install libcurl libsecret gnome-keyring`
- **Alpine**: `apk add libcurl libsecret gnome-keyring`

On ARM (arm64/arm32), `libatomic` is also required:

- **Debian/Ubuntu**: `sudo apt-get install libatomic1`
- **Alpine**: `apk add libatomic`

`gnome-keyring` is needed to save authentication tokens securely. On headless
environments (WSL, SSH, containers) where no keyring daemon is available, the
server will prompt with alternative options.

# Logging in to GitHub

Before using the Microsoft C++ Language Server, you must accept the end-user license agreement (EULA), which is distributed as [`EULA/LICENSE.txt`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@microsoft/cpp-language-server?activeTab=code) in the npm package. Accept the agreement by running `npx @microsoft/cpp-language-server --accept-eula` (or `mscppls --accept-eula` if installed directly). You only need to accept the EULA once.

Using the Microsoft C++ Language Server requires an active GitHub Copilot subscription. Before using the language server for the first time, log in to GitHub by running `npx @microsoft/cpp-language-server --login` (or `mscppls --login` if installed directly) and following the on-screen instructions.

## Alternative authentication methods

By default, the language server stores your GitHub tokens in system secret storage. On Linux, this requires `libsecret`. If you are running the language server in a constrained environment where system secret storage is unavailable, run `npx @microsoft/cpp-language-server --login --allow-plaintext-secret-storage` (or `mscppls --login --allow-plaintext-secret-storage` if installed directly) to allow storing the tokens in plaintext.

Alternatively, you can independently generate a GitHub token (such as a PAT) and save it in the `MSCPPLS_GITHUB_TOKEN` environment variable. The token does not need to have any scopes.

### Using the GitHub CLI (GitHub Enterprise Cloud)

If no token is found in system secret storage or the `MSCPPLS_GITHUB_TOKEN` environment variable, the language server will fall back to the [GitHub CLI](https://cli.github.com/) and run `gh auth token` to obtain a token for the current session. This requires the GitHub CLI (`gh`) to already be installed and on your `PATH`, and that you have authenticated with it (for example, via `gh auth login`). The token is used only for the current session and is not stored by the language server.

This is the recommended way to use the language server with **GitHub Enterprise Cloud**. Authenticate the GitHub CLI against your enterprise host and then point the language server at the same host with `--login-hostname`:

```
gh auth login --hostname myenterprise.ghe.com
mscppls --login-hostname myenterprise.ghe.com
```

The `--login-hostname` value is passed through to `gh auth token --hostname <host>`. If omitted, the GitHub CLI's default host (`github.com`) is used. Classic personal access tokens (those beginning with `ghp_`) returned by the GitHub CLI are rejected.

`--login-hostname` can be added to the `args` in `lsp.json` to pass it every time the language server launches.

# Configuration

The Microsoft C++ Language Server depends on 3 configuration files:

1. `.github/lsp.json` [configures GitHub Copilot CLI](https://github.com/github/copilot-cli?tab=readme-ov-file#-configuring-lsp-servers) to use the Microsoft C++ Language Server for C++ files, and sets the command line arguments passed to `mscppls`.
2. `.mscppls/cpp-lsp.json` is optional and sets the path to the project root and the path to the `compile_commands.json` file. `repositoryPath` and `compileCommands` can be relative or absolute paths. If relative, they are resolved relative to the directory containing `cpp-lsp.json`. By changing the `--lsp-config` argument in `.github/lsp.json`, `cpp-lsp.json` can be stored at any user-defined path. `version` must always be `1`.
3. [`compile_commands.json` specifies the command line to build each target](https://clang.llvm.org/docs/JSONCompilationDatabase.html) in the project. Details for how to generate this file depend on the build system the project uses.

By default, logs and caches are stored in a workspace-specific directory under `$TEMP/mscppls`. The log directory can be overridden with the `--log-dir` argument.

## Customizing Copilot CLI launch flags

To customize the command-line flags that GitHub Copilot CLI passes to the Microsoft C++ Language Server, edit [`.github/lsp.json`](https://github.com/github/copilot-cli?tab=readme-ov-file#-configuring-lsp-servers).

The server can be launched with additional flags using either:

- `npx @microsoft/cpp-language-server [additional flags]`
- `mscppls [additional flags]` (if installed globally via npm)

If you install the package globally, npm adds the `mscppls` executable to your `PATH`.

## Minimal configuration (automatic discovery)

If you omit the `--lsp-config` argument (or pass `--allow-missing-lsp-config`), the language server automatically searches each workspace folder for a single `compile_commands.json` and infers the repository root from the workspace folder. In this mode you don't need a `cpp-lsp.json` file or a `repositoryPath`:

```json
{
  "lspServers": {
    "cpp": {
      "command": "mscppls",
      "args": [],
      "fileExtensions": {
        ".cpp": "cpp",
        ".c": "cpp",
        ".h": "cpp",
        ".hpp": "cpp"
      },
      "requestTimeoutMs": 1000000
    }
  }
}
```

The discovered configuration is cached, so later startups skip the search. Discovery fails if no `compile_commands.json` is found or if more than one is found; in that case, use an explicit `cpp-lsp.json`.

## Excluding files and customizing indexed directories

The language server always parses and indexes every translation unit listed in `compile_commands.json`. These translation units are **not** affected by the exclude settings below. On top of that, the directories containing those translation units are scanned to discover additional files (such as headers) to index for browsing and symbol search, and this scan applies a small set of default excludes. The settings in `cpp-lsp.json` customize only this additional directory scan:

- **Add exclude globs** via `filesExclude` (hides files from the browse/symbol-index scan) and `searchExclude` (excludes files from search). These apply only to the directory scan; they do not remove the translation units listed in `compile_commands.json`. Your entries merge on top of the defaults; set a pattern to `false` to un-exclude a default.
- **Include additional directories** in the scan via `browse.path`. The scanned directories are always derived from the `compile_commands.json` entries; `browse.path` specifies further directories to index/parse on top of those. Entries support `${workspaceFolder}` substitution (resolves to `repositoryPath`).

```json
{
  "version": 1,
  "repositoryPath": "../",
  "compileCommands": "../build/compile_commands.json",
  "filesExclude": { "**/out": true, "**/third_party": true },
  "searchExclude": { "**/*.generated.h": true },
  "browse": { "path": ["${workspaceFolder}/src"] }
}
```

## Creating compile_commands.json for CMake-based projects

CMake projects that use the Ninja or Makefile generators can easily create a `compile_commands.json` by setting the [`CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS` variable](https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/variable/CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS.html) during configuration. For CMake projects that typically use other generators, first check if it is possible as a one-off to configure the project using the Ninja or Makefile generator, as this is the easiest way to get `compile_commands.json`.

For AI assistance with this step, try adding [this skill](./skills/setup-cpp-language-server/SKILL.md) to GitHub Copilot CLI and running it. [Learn more about skills](https://docs.github.com/en/copilot/how-tos/copilot-cli/customize-copilot/create-skills) with the GitHub Copilot CLI documentation.

## Creating compile_commands.json for MSBuild (vcxproj) projects

Improved support for MSBuild projects is planned for a future release of the Microsoft C++ Language Server.

For now, refer to [this sample application](https://github.com/microsoft/msbuild-extractor-sample) for an example of how to generate `compile_commands.json` from MSBuild projects. While the sample application is designed to work out-of-the-box for many projects, it may require adaptation for complex projects.

## Creating compile_commands.json for other build systems

Refer to your build system vendor's documentation.

For custom or non-standard builds, we recommend capturing the steps to generate `compile_commands.json` in a project-specific skill so the process is reproducible for you and your team. Once you've worked out the commands needed to produce the file, save them as a skill (for example, in your project's `skills/` directory) following the [GitHub Copilot CLI skills documentation](https://docs.github.com/en/copilot/how-tos/copilot-cli/customize-copilot/create-skills). The [`setup-cpp-language-server` skill](./skills/setup-cpp-language-server/SKILL.md) is a good starting template to adapt.

# Command line options for `mscppls`

| Option                             | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
| ---------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `--help` or `-h`                   | Shows a help message with a description of all options.                                                                                                                                                                                         |
| `--version`                        | Shows version information and exits.                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| `--accept-eula`                    | Permanently accepts the end-user license agreement (EULA). The EULA only needs to be accepted once. However, it is safe to redundantly include this option with any other option, which can be helpful in automated environments.               |
| `--stderr`                         | Do not redirect stderr to `/dev/null`. Useful for debugging.                                                                                                                                                                                    |
| `--login`                          | Interactively log in to GitHub.                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
| `--force-login`                    | Force interactive login, even if the user has already logged in.                                                                                                                                                                                |
| `--allow-plaintext-secret-storage` | Allow storing credentials in plaintext if secure system storage is unavailable.                                                                                                                                                                 |
| `--login-hostname <host>`          | GitHub hostname to use when obtaining a token from the GitHub CLI (`gh auth token`). Enables GitHub Enterprise Cloud support; requires the GitHub CLI to be installed and authenticated. If unspecified, the GitHub CLI's default host is used. |
| `--log-dir <path>`                 | Specify the directory for log files. If unspecified, the system temp directory is used.                                                                                                                                                         |
| `--log-level <level>`              | Set the logging verbosity from 0 (errors only) to 9 (verbose).                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| `--lsp-config <path>`              | Optional path to the `cpp-lsp.json` file. If relative, the path will be resolved relative to the current working directory of the `mscppls` process, which is typically the project root when launched from GitHub Copilot CLI.                 |
| `--allow-missing-lsp-config`       | Enables fallback to automatic `compile_commands.json` discovery when `--lsp-config` is specified but the configuration file does not exist.                                                                                                     |
| `--disable-telemetry`              | Permanently disables sending telemetry data.                                                                                                                                                                                                    |

# Supported LSP features

| Feature               | Status | Notes                                                                        |
| --------------------- | ------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Text document sync    | ❌     | AI agent is expected to update files on disk before invoking LSP operations. |
| Hover                 | ✅     |                                                                              |
| Completion            | ✅     |                                                                              |
| Signature help        | ✅     |                                                                              |
| Go to Definition      | ✅     |                                                                              |
| Find References       | ✅     |                                                                              |
| Document Highlight    | ❌     |                                                                              |
| Document Symbols      | ✅     |                                                                              |
| Workspace Symbols     | ✅     |                                                                              |
| Code Action           | ❌     |                                                                              |
| Code Lens             | ❌     |                                                                              |
| Document Formatting   | ❌     |                                                                              |
| Range Formatting      | ❌     |                                                                              |
| On type Formatting    | ❌     |                                                                              |
| Rename                | ❌     |                                                                              |
| Go to Declaration     | ✅     |                                                                              |
| Go to Type Definition | ✅     |                                                                              |
| Call Hierarchy        | ✅     |                                                                              |
| Pull Diagnostics      | ✅     |                                                                              |

# Data collection

The software may collect information about you and your use of the software and send it to Microsoft. Microsoft may use this information to provide services and improve our products and services. You may turn off the telemetry as described in the repository. There are also some features in the software that may enable you and Microsoft to collect data from users of your applications. If you use these features, you must comply with applicable law, including providing appropriate notices to users of your applications together with a copy of Microsoft’s privacy statement. Our privacy statement is located at https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=824704. You can learn more about data collection and use in the help documentation and our privacy statement. Your use of the software operates as your consent to these practices.

# Trademarks

This project may contain trademarks or logos for projects, products, or services. Authorized use of Microsoft trademarks or logos is subject to and must follow [Microsoft's Trademark & Brand Guidelines](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/legal/intellectualproperty/trademarks/usage/general). Use of Microsoft trademarks or logos in modified versions of this project must not cause confusion or imply Microsoft sponsorship. Any use of third-party trademarks or logos are subject to those third-party’s policies.

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