godot-overhead-car-2d

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godot-overhead-car-2d

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Overhead Car Body 2D for Godot 4

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# 2D Overhead Car Physics for Godot 4

Adds a node type called OverheadCarBody2D to Godot 4 that implements reasonably good car physics. It's the car solution described [here](http://kidscancode.org/godot_recipes/3.x/2d/car_steering/) and [here](https://engineeringdotnet.blogspot.com/2010/04/simple-2d-car-physics-in-games.html) but adapted for Godot 4 and shared so it can be easily reused. It extends [CharacterBody2D](https://docs.godotengine.org/en/stable/classes/class_characterbody2d.html).

## OverheadCarBody2D

OverheadCarBody2D is [registered as a named class](https://docs.godotengine.org/en/4.0/tutorials/scripting/gdscript/gdscript_basics.html#registering-named-classes) so you can create an OverheadCarBody2D node from the Create New Node dialog. You'll need to extend the OverheadCarBody2D class to use it. Make sure you choose Extend Script not Attach Script.

### The _provide_input Callback

Use the `_provide_input` callback to connect your game's input to the car physics engine. There are 3 fields on the input object used to control the car.

```gdscript
class CarInput:
	var steering := 0.0      # -1.0 (left) to 1.0 (right)
	var acceleration := 0.0  # -1.0 (reverse) to 1.0 (accelerate)
	var braking := false     # True if brakes are engaged
```

Here is an example `_provide_input` that works with a joystick and buttons. Button presses override joystick motion in this example.

```gdscript
extends OverheadCarBody2D

func _provide_input(input: CarInput):
	input.steering = Input.get_axis("axis_left", "axis_right")
	input.acceleration = Input.get_axis("axis_down", "axis_up")
	if Input.is_action_pressed("accelerate"):
		input.acceleration = 1.0
	if Input.is_action_pressed("reverse"):
		input.acceleration = -1.0
	if Input.is_action_pressed("steer_left"):
		input.steering = -1.0
	if Input.is_action_pressed("steer_right"):
		input.steering = 1.0
	input.braking = Input.is_action_pressed("brake")
```

There are a bunch of export variables available in the inspector and can be used to control the car dynamics.

Just like any Godot physics body, you'll need to add a sprite and a collision shape as children of the OverheadCarBody2D so you have something to drive around and crash.

### The _update_output Callback

Use the `_update_output` callback to update car outputs based on the physics state. You might change the engine sound or animate trailing smoke based on speed and acceleration. Each argument is a proportion [0, 1] of the max for convenience. For example, if you have an AudioStreamPlayer node called EngineSound:

```gdscript
func _update_output(speed_factor: float, acceleration_factor: float):
	var volume_range = max_engine_volume - min_engine_volume
	$EngineSound.volume_db = min_engine_volume + acceleration_factor * volume_range
	var pitch_range = max_engine_pitch - min_engine_pitch
	$EngineSound.pitch_scale = min_engine_pitch + speed_factor * pitch_range
```

Of course, the normal physics state variables like position and velocity are available if you need more detail but the given speed and acceleration factors are convenient to use as simple multipliers.

### Using _init and _ready

OverheadCarBody2D sets [motion_mode](https://docs.godotengine.org/en/stable/classes/class_characterbody2d.html#class-characterbody2d-property-motion-mode) to [MOTION_MODE_FLOATING](https://docs.godotengine.org/en/stable/classes/class_characterbody2d.html#enum-characterbody2d-motionmode) in `_init` because "This mode is suitable for top-down games." So the motion_mode value you set in the inspector is irrelevant. If for some reason you want to use MOTION_MODE_GROUNDED then set it explicitly in your subclass's `_init`.

In Godot 4, lifecycle functions such as `_ready` are not called in parent classes unless you explicity call `super()`. Don't forget to call `super()` if you override `_ready` or any other lifecycle functions.

## OverheadCarArea2D

OverheadCarArea2D extends Area2D so that you can add friction and drag when a car is in an area. It can be used for things like off-track rough terrain, puddles, oil slicks, speed bumps, etc... that a car can drive through but would impact velocity. Use StaticBody2D or RigidBody2D instead for areas/objects like walls or boudlers that a car can't drive through and would collide with.

Create an OverheadCarArea2D node, add a CollisionShape2D or CollisionPolygon2D child node and set the friction and drag properties on the area. Any OverheadCarBody2D will add those values to it's own friction and drag while the car is in the area.

## OverheadCarPathFollow2D

OverheadCarPathFollow2D makes an OverheadCarBody2D automatically follow a [Path2D](https://docs.godotengine.org/en/stable/classes/class_path2d.html). It can be used to make an OverheadCarBody2D into a non-playable character such as a car that the player is racing against. We use this instead of [PathFollow2D](https://docs.godotengine.org/en/stable/classes/class_pathfollow2d.html) because PathFollow2D doesn't obey OverheadCarBody2D physics.

Add a Path2D to the scene and [draw the curve](https://docs.godotengine.org/en/stable/tutorials/math/beziers_and_curves.html) you want the car to follow. Create an OverheadCarPathFollow2D node as a child of the Path2D node. Connect the `path_follow_ready` signal from the OverheadCarPathFollow2D to the `follow_path` function on the OverheadCarBody2D. Now the car will get it's input from the OverheadCarPathFollow2D instead of calling the `_provide_input` callback. It will drive on the path automatically.

Use the `Min Target Distance` property to control how far ahead (in pixels) OverheadCarPathFollow2D should look on the path to find it's steering target.

_Make sure your Path2D is a child of the main scene or a static node. If it's a child of a moving Node2D then the path will move with it's parent which is probably not what you want. Also make sure your Path2D does not have any transformations applied that you didn't intend. If you scale or rotate the path then the car will follow the transformed path instead of the one you drew._

## Installation

Install from the [Godot Asset Library](https://godotengine.org/asset-library/asset/1717).

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