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security-camera

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🔦 Motion detecting security camera using a raspberry pi, webcam, and slack

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# Security camera

[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/bndw/security-camera.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/bndw/security-camera)

This is a guide to creating a simple motion sensing security camera using a Raspberry Pi, USB 
webcam, Amazon S3, Slack. Anytime motion is detected images will be captured, uploaded to S3
and sent to a Slack channel.

![example](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bndw/security-camera/master/resources/example.png)

- [Prerequisites](#prerequisites)
  - [Raspberry pi](#raspberry-pi)
  - [USB Webcam](#usb-webcam)
  - [Golang](#golang)
- [Device Setup](#device-setup)
  - [Install dependencies](#install-dependencies)
  - [Configure motion](#configure-motion)
- [S3 setup](#s3-setup)
- [Slack setup](#slack-setup)
- [Uploading images](#uploading-images)

# Prerequisites

## Raspberry Pi

[RaspberryPi 3](https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/raspberry-pi-3-model-b/) is used for this build.
They include builtin Wi-Fi, making them well suited for this usecase.

Configure the Raspberry Pi as follows:
- [Raspbian Stretch Lite](https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/raspbian/) is the OS this guide was tested with
- Setup ssh access to the pi
- Connect the pi to your wireless network

Setting up ssh access and configuring the wireless is outside of the scope of this guide.
I've found [this guide](https://medium.com/@danidudas/install-raspbian-jessie-lite-and-setup-wi-fi-without-access-to-command-line-or-using-the-network-97f065af722e) to 
be helpful for that.

## USB Webcam

A USB webcam is used for this project. Any USB camera should do, I'm using a [Logitech C920 Webcam](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B006JH8T3S).

# Device Setup

## Install dependencies

```
ssh pi@raspberrypi.local

# usb camera support and motion
sudo apt-get update -y && sudo apt-get install -y fswebcam motion
```

Test the camera with `fswebcam`
```
fswebcam image.jpg
```
```
--- Opening /dev/video0...
Trying source module v4l2...
/dev/video0 opened.
No input was specified, using the first.
Adjusting resolution from 384x288 to 352x288.
--- Capturing frame...
Captured frame in 0.00 seconds.
--- Processing captured image...
Writing JPEG image to 'image.jpg'.
```

Now we know our webcam is at `/dev/video0`. If you look at `image.jpg` you'll see the picture it took.

## Configure motion

[Motion](https://motion-project.github.io/) is used to monitor the camera.

Edit the following settings in the motion configuration file at `/etc/motion/motion.conf`

```
# Make sure the proper camera device is set
videodevice /dev/video0

# Tell motion to run as a background service
daemon on
```

Edit `/etc/default/motion` and set `start_motion_daemon=yes`
```
start_motion_daemon=yes
```

And restart the system
```
reboot
```

Once it comes back up open another ssh connection.

Confirm motion is running
```
systemctl status motion
```

At this point motion is running as a background service and will be automatically
started after a reboot. The next section will guide you through uploading the images
to AWS S3 and notifying a Slack channel.

# S3 Setup

1. Create an S3 bucket, noting the name and region
2. Create an IAM user, noting the AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID and AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
3. Create and attach an IAM policy to the user, allowing them to upload to the S3 bucket
  ```
  {
      "Version": "2012-10-17",
      "Statement": [
          {
              "Sid": "securitycamera",
              "Effect": "Allow",
              "Action": [
                  "s3:PutObject",
                  "s3:PutObjectAcl"
              ],
              "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::YOUR-BUCKET-NAME/*"
          }
      ]
  }
  ```

# Slack Setup

1. Create a [Slack incoming webhook](https://api.slack.com/incoming-webhooks)
2. Note the Webhook URL, e.g. https://hooks.slack.com/services/xxx/yyy/zzzzz

# Uploading images

When motion is detected a new image is created and the `on_picture_save` script is invoked. This calls the `uploader` which uploads the image to S3. Download the [latest release](https://github.com/bndw/security-camera/releases/latest) of the uploader and save it in `./root/usr/local/bin/uploader`.

Or, build from source if you have Go 1.13 or later:
```
make build
```

Next, upload both programs to the pi
```
scp ./root/usr/local/bin/* pi@raspberrypi.local:/tmp/
```

SSH to the pi to complete configuration
```
ssh pi@raspberrypi.local

# Copy the scripts into the PATH
sudo mv /tmp/{uploader,on_picture_save} /usr/local/bin/
```

Edit `/usr/local/bin/on_picture_save` and add your AWS and Slack secrets:
```
# /usr/local/bin/on_picture_save

SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL=https://hooks.slack.com/services/your/slack/webhook
S3_BUCKET_NAME=my-bucket-name
S3_BUCKET_REGION=us-west-2
AWS_ACCESS_KEY=xxx
AWS_SECRET_KEY=xxxxx
```

Open the motion config again and configure it to call the `on_picture_save` script everytime it creates an image.
```
# /etc/motion/motion.conf
on_picture_save /usr/local/bin/on_picture_save %f
```

Restart motion
```
systemctl restart motion
```

You should be good to go. Check out the motion detection settings in `/etc/motion/motion.conf` for customizing thresholds, etc.

security-camera

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