The-Silmaril

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Practice #ontology engineering with Python (and other languages).

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# The Silmaril                    
                        
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	<img src="./images/silmarils.png" width="95%" align="center" alt="The-Silmaril: Practice #ontology building with Python (and other languages), © Shaurya Agarwal, 2025" />                      
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Practice **#ontology engineering** with Python (and other languages).                       
                        
---

# SCIPY 2025 Update: [Video on YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HlSqH6T-y0Q)          
                      
## List of Ontologies                    
                      
### I. Very simple ones, to better understand the concepts                      
                      
I have tried to include rudimentary explanations on how to work out the ontologies, how one can create sample data to hydrate the ontology and finally how one can ask simple questions on the ontology (in PySpark).                  
                  
1. [Movie Domain](https://github.com/shauryashaurya/The-Silmaril/tree/main/o-01)                      
2. [Music Domain](https://github.com/shauryashaurya/The-Silmaril/tree/main/o-02)                      
                      
### II. Getting more 'real' (and interesting) now                        
                      
                  
Things are getting more intense... 'real-world' adjacent. Get a cup of coffee, put your game face on. :)                
                         
In some examples/exercises, we will leverage the "connected" nature of Ontologies for analysis, and see if we can build an intuition about how the Ontological representation is more beneficial for certain types of questions.                
For the technically inclined, we'll try to show differences in code as well (comparing relational/OOP code with ontology/semantic approach).                      
                       
3. [Supply Chain (logistics, orders, suppliers, warehouses)](https://github.com/shauryashaurya/The-Silmaril/tree/main/o-03)                      
4. [Property & Casualty Insurance](https://github.com/shauryashaurya/The-Silmaril/tree/main/o-04)                       
5. [Construction (projects, tasks, materials, subcontractors, etc.)](https://github.com/shauryashaurya/The-Silmaril/tree/main/o-05)                      
6. [Manufacturing (production lines, work orders, materials, products, etc.)](https://github.com/shauryashaurya/The-Silmaril/tree/main/o-06)                      
7. [Stock Market / Equities Trading](https://github.com/shauryashaurya/The-Silmaril/tree/main/o-07)                      
8. [Healthcare / EHR + Claims](https://github.com/shauryashaurya/The-Silmaril/tree/main/o-08)                      
                
In future ontologies, we'll explore higher order problems like matching two ontologies, looking for limitations in an ontology etc. etc.                  
                  
                  
### III. Higher order fun with Ontologies                
                    
As we get into more interesting Ontology examples, things get even more interesting for us.                   
	                
9. [Pharmaceutical Supply Chain *( + Bonus: Ontology Matching)*](https://github.com/shauryashaurya/The-Silmaril/tree/main/o-09)                      
10. [EPCC / LEMS / PMBoK based ontology for a large construction project](https://github.com/shauryashaurya/The-Silmaril/tree/main/o-10)                      
11. [Smart Building / Facility Management](https://github.com/shauryashaurya/The-Silmaril/tree/main/o-11)                      
12. [System Monitoring & Maintenance](https://github.com/shauryashaurya/The-Silmaril/tree/main/o-12)                      
13. [Ecological & Migration Tracking](https://github.com/shauryashaurya/The-Silmaril/tree/main/o-13)                      
14. [Distribution & Logistics](https://github.com/shauryashaurya/The-Silmaril/tree/main/o-14)                      
15. [Water Infrastructure & Management ](https://github.com/shauryashaurya/The-Silmaril/tree/main/o-15)                      
16. [Healthcare Network & Clinical](https://github.com/shauryashaurya/The-Silmaril/tree/main/o-16)                      
17. [Space Mission & Crew](https://github.com/shauryashaurya/The-Silmaril/tree/main/o-17)                      
18. [Galactic Trade & Alliance](https://github.com/shauryashaurya/The-Silmaril/tree/main/o-18)                      
19. [Cultural & Heritage Management](https://github.com/shauryashaurya/The-Silmaril/tree/main/o-19)                      
20. [Global Finance & Trading](https://github.com/shauryashaurya/The-Silmaril/tree/main/o-20)                      
21. [Global Energy Grid & Market](https://github.com/shauryashaurya/The-Silmaril/tree/main/o-21)                      
                    
                  
                  
# **Star Wars** and **The Lord Of The Rings**                
                
This was fun :)                
Hope these are as much fun for you too!                
* Here's a #starwars ontology for you to explore: [**Star Wars**](https://github.com/shauryashaurya/The-Silmaril/tree/main/o-1000-StarWars)                  
* ...and while we were on the topic of Palantir, it's natural that we build a LOTR ontology as well: [**The Lord Of The Rings**](https://github.com/shauryashaurya/The-Silmaril/tree/main/o-1001-The-Lord-of-the-Rings)                
        
These ended up being rather large and complex, but that was to be expected I guess. My attempts at these are not sufficient. There's so much material to cover! So if you have suggestions, please send 'em my way :)                
        
                
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---                  
                  
# References  
Standing on the shoulders of giants here...

* The [CS520: Knowledge Graphs Seminar Plalist](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDhh0lALedc5paY4N3NRZ3j_ui9foL7Qc)       
* [@BarrySmithOntology on YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/@BarrySmithOntology)
* [Tim Berners-Lee's `cwm` (Closed World Machine)](https://linkeddata.github.io/swap/doc/cwm.html) and [on GitHub](https://github.com/linkeddata/swap)
* [RDF and OWL : the powerful duo, Tara Raafat](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zteyEk9LADs) - and in general videos from Tara Raafat
* [@AshleighFaith on YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/@AshleighFaith), [How to Model Taxonomy, to Thesaurus, to Ontology, to Knowledge Graph](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FJ3ZqtnJ_go)
* [@ontologize on YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/@ontologize)
* [@palantirdevelopers on YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/@palantirdevelopers)
* [@OntologyExplained on YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/@OntologyExplained)
* [Kùzu's Graph Databases: Fundamentals Playlist](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLnMU6rfAdE1CpxwilWJyWETgy2J-KPkZj)
* [Protégé](https://protege.stanford.edu/) and [WebProtégé](https://webprotege.stanford.edu/#projects/list)
	* [Pizzas in 10 minutes](https://protegewiki.stanford.edu/wiki/Protege4Pizzas10Minutes)
* [RDF @ W3C](https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/)
* [SKOS](https://www.w3.org/TR/2008/WD-skos-reference-20080829/skos.html) and [Intro to SKOS](https://www.dataversity.net/introduction-to-skos/)
* [Ontology, Taxonomy, and Graph standards: OWL, RDF, RDFS, SKOS - somewhat useful](https://medium.com/@jaywang.recsys/ontology-taxonomy-and-graph-standards-owl-rdf-rdfs-skos-052db21a6027), [SKOS support in Oracle](https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/21/rdfrm/simple-knowledge-organizaiton-system-skos.html#GUID-2A83DBD8-F56D-4EA5-A7C1-B6AE0B0D4FA4)
* [reasonable](https://github.com/gtfierro/reasonable)
* [OWL Reasoners still useable in 2023](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2309.06888), also on [GitHub](https://github.com/k00ni/owl-reasoner-list/blob/master/reasoner.csv)
* [Lists of ontologies](https://www.w3.org/wiki/Lists_of_ontologies)
* [The Music Ontology Specification](http://musicontology.com/specification/#sec-individuals) and on [GitHub](https://github.com/motools/musicontology)
* [Provenance - PROV-O: The PROV Ontology](https://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/)
* [OWL 2 Web Ontology Language Primer (Second Edition)](https://www.w3.org/2012/pdf/REC-owl2-primer-20121211.pdf)
* [Solid from Tim Berners-Lee](https://github.com/solid), [spec](https://github.com/solid/specification), [vocab space at GitHub](https://github.com/solid/vocabs), [wiki entry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_(web_decentralization_project))
* [Notes on Palantir Foundry's Ontology](https://publish.obsidian.md/followtheidea/Content/AI/Ontology+Palantir+-+notes#weak+points+of+ontology)

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