PC-Agent-E

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[ICLR 2026] Efficient Agent Training for Computer Use

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- first_image.png
- overview.png
- agent.py
- env.py
- main.py
- prompt.py
- utils.py
- boost.py
- prepare.py
- prompt.py
- refinement.py
- utils.py
- server.sh
- LLaMA-Factory
- sft.yaml
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LICENSE
README.md

// repository documentation

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# Efficient Agent Training for Computer Use

<p align="center">
  📄 <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.13909" target="_blank">Paper</a> &nbsp; | &nbsp;
  🌐 <a href="https://gair-nlp.github.io/PC-Agent-E" target="_blank">Website</a> &nbsp; | &nbsp;
  🤖 <a href="https://huggingface.co/henryhe0123/PC-Agent-E" target="_blank">Model</a> &nbsp; | &nbsp;
  🤗 <a href="https://huggingface.co/datasets/henryhe0123/PC-Agent-E" target="_blank">Dataset</a> &nbsp; | &nbsp;
  ⚔️ <a href="https://github.com/GAIR-NLP/WindowsAgentArena-V2" target="_blank">WindowsAgentArena-V2</a>
</p>

## Demo

Check out our demo of PC Agent-E autonomously controlling a computer to complete tasks on Windows and Linux systems!

https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/9540d8cb-630d-41e2-a108-a96ca3fcb32e

https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/18b436e7-733f-49a5-8716-25c29a990766

## Introduction

We introduce **PC Agent-E**, an efficient agent training framework that elicits strong computer use capabilities with remarkable **data efficiency**. 
This framework is implemented with four key components: 
1. **Trajectory Collection**, gathering a small set of task trajectories from human annotators with [PC Tracker](https://github.com/GAIR-NLP/PC-Agent?tab=readme-ov-file#pc-tracker);
2. **Thought Completion**, reconstructing the latent human thought process before each action;
3. **Trajectory Boost**, synthesizing diverse alternative action decisions;
4. **Agent Training**, training native agent model with augmented trajectories.

![overview](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/GAIR-NLP/PC-Agent-E/main/assets/overview.png)

## Main Results

Table: Results of successful rate (%) for different models on [WindowsAgentArena-V2](https://github.com/GAIR-NLP/WindowsAgentArena-V2), an improved benchmark we also released.

| Models                   | LibreOffice | Chrome | Edge  | System | VS Code | VLC  | Utils | Total |
|--------------------------|-------------|--------|-------|--------|---------|------|--------|-------|
| **Number of Tasks**      | 42          | 17     | 13    | 24     | 19      | 14   | 12     | 141   |
| Qwen2.5-VL-72B           | 0.0         | 34.7   | 15.4  | 20.8   | 26.3    | 7.6  | 16.7   | 14.9  |
| UI-TARS-1.5-7B           | **7.1**     | 34.7   | 23.1  | 45.8   | 21.1    | 7.6  | 16.7   | 21.3  |
| UI-TARS-72B-DPO          | 0.0         | 40.6   | 38.5  | 58.3   | 36.8    | 7.6  | 25.0   | 26.2  |
| Claude 3.7 Sonnet        | 2.4         | 46.5   | **61.5** | 54.2   | 52.6    | 29.0 | 16.7   | 32.6  |
| Claude 3.7 Sonnet (thinking) | 2.4     | **64.1** | 46.2  | **66.7** | 52.6    | 21.9 | 25.0   | 35.4  |
| **PC Agent-E (Ours)**    | 4.8         | **64.1** | 46.2  | 50.0   | **57.9**| **35.7** | **33.3** | **36.0** |

## Quick Start

### Trajectory Collection

Collect raw human trajectory with PC Tracker. See usage [here](https://github.com/GAIR-NLP/PC-Agent?tab=readme-ov-file#pc-tracker).

### Post Processing

To convert raw human trajectory into high-quality trajectories for training, follow these steps:
1. Place recorded in the `data/` directory. 
2. Run post processing pipeline:
```bash
# Data refinement
python postprocess/refinement.py

# Thought completion and Trajectory Boost    
python postprocess/boost.py    
```

Note: You need to prepare your API key in advance.

### Agent Training

You can use [our dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/henryhe0123/PC-Agent-E) or build data set with above steps on your own. To prepare data for agent training, put the dataset in the `data/` directory, and run:
```bash
python postprocess/prepare.py 
```

We recommend using [LLaMA-Factory](https://github.com/hiyouga/LLaMA-Factory) for agent training. To launch distributed training across multiple nodes, you can run:

```bash
FORCE_TORCHRUN=1 NNODES=4 NODE_RANK=${PET_NODE_RANK} MASTER_ADDR=192.168.0.1 MASTER_PORT=29500 llamafactory-cli train train/sft.yaml
```

Replace PET_NODE_RANK with the rank of the current node (from 0 to 3).

### Agent Deployment

We provide a reference implementation of our PC Agent-E scaffold in the `deploy/` directory. To deploy our agent on your computer, run:

```bash
python deploy/main.py
```

Reference scripts for model deployment can be found in `scripts/server.sh`.

## Acknowledgments

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to Shijie Xia for his meticulous review and constructive
suggestions, which significantly improved the quality of this paper. This project is supported by SJTU SEIEE - ByteDance Large Language Model Joint Laboratory, SII.

## Citation

If you find this work helpful, please consider citing:

```
@misc{he2025efficientagenttrainingcomputer,
      title={Efficient Agent Training for Computer Use}, 
      author={Yanheng He and Jiahe Jin and Pengfei Liu},
      year={2025},
      eprint={2505.13909},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.AI},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.13909}, 
}
```

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