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instanced-mesh

(★ 446)

Enhanced InstancedMesh with frustum culling, fast raycasting (using a BVH), sorting, visibility, LOD, skinning and more.

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- - codeql-config.yml
- - codeql.yml
  - docs.yaml
  - eslint.yml
  - node.js.yml
  - npm-publish.yml
- FUNDING.yml
- - android-chrome-192x192.png
  - android-chrome-512x512.png
  - apple-touch-icon.png
  - favicon-16x16.png
  - favicon-32x32.png
  - favicon.ico
  - low_poly_space_ship.glb
- - env.d.ts
- .gitignore
- astro.config.mjs
- CONTRIBUTE.md
- package-lock.json
- package.json
- tsconfig.build.json
- tsconfig.json
- - createSimplifiedGeometry.ts
  - random.ts
  - tileLambertMaterial.ts
  - tileMaterial.ts
- createEntities.ts
- customMaterial.ts
- customMaterialTextureArray.ts
- dynamicBVH.ts
- fastRaycasting.ts
- instancedMeshParse.ts
- LOD.ts
- morph.ts
- multimaterial.ts
- multimaterial_tree.ts
- overrideMaterial.ts
- remove-instance.ts
- remove-instances.ts
- shadowLOD.ts
- shadowLOD_oldbug.ts
- skeleton.ts
- sorting.ts
- template.ts
- test.ts
- trees.ts
- tween.ts
- uniforms.ts
- banner.png
- grass.jpg
- grass_normal.jpg
- js.png
- pattern.jpg
- pine.glb
- pine_low.glb
- planks.jpg
- texture.png
- tree.glb
- tree2.glb
- ts.png
- wall.jpg
- - InstancedEntity.ts
  - InstancedMesh2.ts
  - InstancedMeshBVH.ts
- - ShaderChunk.ts
- - CreateFrom.ts
  - SortingUtils.ts
- index.ts
.gitignore
eslint.config.js
index.html
LICENSE
package-lock.json
package.json
README.md
tsconfig.build.json
tsconfig.json
vite.config.js

# Installation Guide

1. Get the code

git clone https://github.com/agargaro/instanced-mesh

Downloads the entire project code from GitHub to your computer.

cd instanced-mesh

Moves into the project folder you just downloaded.

2. Node.js

Easy Recommended

Prerequisites

Git Needed to download the project code from GitHub.
Node.js Node.js must be installed to use npm. The LTS version is recommended.

npm install @three.ez/instanced-mesh

Downloads and installs the libraries listed in package.json.

"three": "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/three/build/three.module.js",

Type this command into your terminal and run it.

"three/addons/": "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/three/examples/jsm/",

Type this command into your terminal and run it.

"@three.ez/instanced-mesh": "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@three.ez/instanced-mesh/build/index.js",

Type this command into your terminal and run it.

"bvh.js": "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bvh.js/build/index.js"

Type this command into your terminal and run it.

✅ After running the command, open the address shown in the terminal (usually something like http://localhost:3000) in your browser.

Pulled directly from this repo's README.

// repository documentation

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<div align="center">
  
  <h1>Three.ez - InstancedMesh2</h1>
  <p>
    <em>Simplify your <b>three.js</b> application development with <b>three.ez</b>!</em> <br><br>
    <b><a href="https://github.com/agargaro/batched-mesh-extensions">three.ez/batched-mesh-extensions</a></b> - <code>BatchedMesh</code> extension methods and enhancements for better performance and usability
  </p>

<img src="public/banner.png" alt="banner" /> <br>

[![Discord](https://img.shields.io/badge/chat-discord-blue?style=flat&logo=discord)](https://discord.gg/MVTwrdX3JM)
  [![npm](https://img.shields.io/npm/v/@three.ez/instanced-mesh)](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@three.ez/instanced-mesh)
  [![Stars](https://badgen.net/github/stars/three-ez/instanced-mesh)](https://github.com/three-ez/instanced-mesh)
  [![BundlePhobia](https://badgen.net/bundlephobia/min/@three.ez/instanced-mesh)](https://bundlephobia.com/package/@three.ez/instanced-mesh)
  [![Quality Gate Status](https://sonarcloud.io/api/project_badges/measure?project=agargaro_instanced-mesh&metric=alert_status)](https://sonarcloud.io/summary/new_code?id=agargaro_instanced-mesh)
  [![DeepScan grade](https://deepscan.io/api/teams/21196/projects/27990/branches/896898/badge/grade.svg)](https://deepscan.io/dashboard#view=project&tid=21196&pid=27990&bid=896898)

</div>

`InstancedMesh2` is an alternative version of `InstancedMesh` with enhanced features for performance and usability.

```ts
const myInstancedMesh = new InstancedMesh2(geometry, material);

myInstancedMesh.addInstances(count, (obj, index) => {
  obj.position.x = index;
});
```

- [**Dynamic capacity**](#dynamic-capacity): *add or remove instances seamlessly.*
- [**Object3D-like instances**](#object3d-like-instances): *use instances like `Object3D` with transforms and custom data.*
- [**Per-instance frustum culling**](#per-instance-frustum-culling): *skip rendering for out-of-view instances.*
- [**Spatial indexing (dynamic BVH)**](#spatial-indexing-dynamic-bvh): *speed up raycasting and frustum culling.*
- [**Sorting**](#sorting): *reduce overdraw and manage transparent objects efficiently.*
- [**Per-instance visibility**](#per-instance-visibility): *toggle visibility for each instance individually.*
- [**Per-instance opacity**](#per-instance-opacity): *set opacity for each instance individually.*
- [**Per-instance uniforms**](#per-instance-uniforms): *assign unique shader data to individual instances.*
- [**Level of Detail (LOD)**](#level-of-detail-lod): *dynamically adjust instance detail based on distance.*
- [**Shadow LOD**](#shadow-lod): *optimize shadow rendering with lower detail for distant instances.*
- [**Skinning**](#skinning): *apply skeletal animations to instances for more complex and dynamic movements.*

## 🧑‍💻 Live Examples

**Vanilla**
- <img src="public/js.png" alt="js" width="16" /> [Dynamic adding with BVH](https://stackblitz.com/edit/stackblitz-starters-au96fmqz?file=index.html) (thanks to [Saumac](https://github.com/saumac))

**Using three.ez/main**
- <img src="public/ts.png" alt="ts" width="16" /> [1kk static trees](https://stackblitz.com/edit/three-ezinstancedmesh2-1kk-static-trees?file=src%2Fmain.ts&embed=1&hideDevTools=1&view=preview)
- <img src="public/ts.png" alt="ts" width="16" /> [Instances array dynamic](https://stackblitz.com/edit/three-ezinstancedmesh2-instances-array-dynamic?file=src%2Fmain.ts&embed=1&hideDevTools=1&view=preview)
- <img src="public/ts.png" alt="ts" width="16" /> [Sorting](https://stackblitz.com/edit/three-ezinstancedmesh2-sorting?file=src%2Fmain.ts&embed=1&hideDevTools=1&view=preview)
- <img src="public/ts.png" alt="ts" width="16" /> [Uniforms per instance](https://stackblitz.com/edit/three-ezinstancedmesh2-custom-material?file=src%2Fmain.ts&embed=1&hideDevTools=1&view=preview)
- <img src="public/ts.png" alt="ts" width="16" /> [Dynamic BVH (no vite)](https://stackblitz.com/edit/three-ezinstancedmesh2-dynamic-bvh?file=index.ts&embed=1&hideDevTools=1&view=preview)
- <img src="public/ts.png" alt="ts" width="16" /> [Fast raycasting](https://stackblitz.com/edit/three-ezinstancedmesh2-fast-raycasting?file=src%2Fmain.ts&embed=1&hideDevTools=1&view=preview)
- <img src="public/ts.png" alt="ts" width="16" /> [LOD](https://stackblitz.com/edit/three-ezinstancedmesh2-instancedmeshlod?file=src%2Fmain.ts&embed=1&hideDevTools=1&view=preview)
- <img src="public/ts.png" alt="ts" width="16" /> [Shadow LOD](https://stackblitz.com/edit/three-ezinstancedmesh2-shadow-lod?file=src%2Fmain.ts&embed=1&hideDevTools=1&view=preview)
- <img src="public/ts.png" alt="js" width="16" /> [Skinning 3k instances](https://stackblitz.com/edit/three-ezinstancedmesh2-skinning?file=src%2Fmain.ts&embed=1&hideDevTools=1&view=preview)
- <img src="public/js.png" alt="js" width="16" /> [Dynamic adding with BVH](https://glitch.com/edit/#!/three-ez-instanced-mesh-dynamic-adding-with-bvh?path=main.js)
- <img src="public/js.png" alt="js" width="16" /> [Skinning](https://glitch.com/edit/#!/instancedmesh2-skinning?path=main.js)

**Using other libraries**
- Threlte
- <img src="public/js.png" alt="js" width="16" /> [Tres.js](https://stackblitz.com/edit/vitejs-vite-nhoadwww?file=src/components/TheExperience.vue) (thanks to [JaimeTorrealba](https://github.com/JaimeTorrealba))
- <img src="public/ts.png" alt="ts" width="16" /> [React-three-fiber](https://stackblitz.com/edit/vitejs-vite-zahmbaan?file=src%2FApp.tsx) (thanks to [Saumac](https://github.com/saumac))
- <img src="public/js.png" alt="js" width="16" /> [React-three-fiber](https://stackblitz.com/~/github.com/Lunakepio/ac-2-dna-ui) (thanks to [Lunakepio](https://github.com/Lunakepio))

## ❔ Need help?

Join us on [Discord](https://discord.gg/MVTwrdX3JM) or open an issue on GitHub.

## ⭐ Like it?

If you like this project, please leave a star. Thank you! ❤️

## 📚 Documentation

The documentation is available [here](https://agargaro.github.io/instanced-mesh).

## ⬇️ Installation

You can install it via npm using the following command:

```bash
npm install @three.ez/instanced-mesh
```

Or you can import it from CDN:

```html
<script type="importmap">
{
  "imports": {
    "three": "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/three/build/three.module.js",
    "three/addons/": "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/three/examples/jsm/",
    "@three.ez/instanced-mesh": "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@three.ez/instanced-mesh/build/index.js",
    "bvh.js": "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bvh.js/build/index.js"
  }
}
</script>
```

## 🚀 Features

### Dynamic capacity

Manage a dynamic number of instances, automatically expanding the data buffers as needed to accommodate additional instances. <br>

If not specified, `capacity` is `1000`. <br>

```ts
const myInstancedMesh = new InstancedMesh2(geometry, material, { capacity: count });

myInstancedMesh.addInstances(count, (obj, index) => { ... }); // add instances and expand buffer if necessary

myInstancedMesh.removeInstances(id0, id1, ...);

myInstancedMesh.clearInstances(); // remove all instances
```

### Object3D-like instances

It's possible to create an array of `InstancedEntity` **(Object3D-like)** in order to easily manipulate instances, using more memory.

```ts
const myInstancedMesh = new InstancedMesh2(geometry, material, { createEntities: true });

myInstancedMesh.instances[0].customData = {};
myInstancedMesh.instances[0].position.random();
myInstancedMesh.instances[0].rotateX(Math.PI);
myInstancedMesh.instances[0].updateMatrix(); // necessary after transformations
```

### Per-instance frustum culling

Avoiding rendering objects outside the camera frustum can drastically improve performance (especially for complex geometries). <br>
Frustum culling by default is performed by iterating all instances, [but it is possible to speed up this process by creating a spatial indexing data structure **(BVH)**](#spatial-indexing-dynamic-bvh). <br>

By default `perObjectFrustumCulled` is `true`.

### Spatial indexing (dynamic BVH)

**To speed up raycasting and frustum culling**, a spatial indexing data structure can be created to contain the boundingBoxes of all instances. <br>
This works very well if the instances are **mostly static** (updating a BVH can be expensive) and scattered in world space. <br>

Setting a margin makes BVH updating faster, but may make raycasting and frustum culling slightly slower.
```ts
myInstancedMesh.computeBVH({ margin: 0 }); // margin is optional
```

### Sorting

Sorting can be used to decrease overdraw and render transparent objects. <br>

It's possible to improve sort performance adding a `customSort`, like built-in `createRadixSort`.

By default `sortObjects` is `false`. <br>

```ts
import { createRadixSort } from '@three.ez/instanced-mesh';

myInstancedMesh.sortObjects = true;
myInstancedMesh.customSort = createRadixSort(myInstancedMesh);
```

### Per-instance visibility

Set the visibility status of each instance.

```ts
myInstancedMesh.setVisibilityAt(index, false);
myInstancedMesh.instances[0].visible = false; // if instances array is created
```

### Per-instance opacity

Set the opacity of each instance. It's recommended to enable [**instances sorting**](#sorting) and disable the `depthWriting` of the material.

```ts
myInstancedMesh.setOpacityAt(index, 0.5);
myInstancedMesh.instances[0].opacity = 0.5; // if instances array is created
```

### Per-instance uniforms

Assign unique shader uniforms to each instance, working with every materials.

```ts
myInstancedMesh.initUniformsPerInstance({ fragment: { metalness: 'float', roughness: 'float', emissive: 'vec3' } });

myInstancedMesh.setUniformAt(index, 'metalness', 0.5);
myInstancedMesh.instances[0].setUniform('emissive', new Color('white')); // if instances array is created
```

### Level of Detail (LOD)

Improve rendering performance by dynamically adjusting the detail level of instances based on their distance from the camera. <br>
Use simplified geometries for distant objects to optimize resources.

```ts
myInstancedMesh.addLOD(geometryMid, material, 50);
myInstancedMesh.addLOD(geometryLow, material, 200);
```

### Shadow LOD

Optimize shadow rendering by reducing the detail level of instances casting shadows based on their distance from the camera.

```ts
myInstancedMesh.addShadowLOD(geometryMid);
myInstancedMesh.addShadowLOD(geometryLow, 100);
```

### Skinning

Apply skeletal animations to instances for more complex and dynamic movements.

```ts
myInstancedMesh.initSkeleton(skeleton);

mixer.update(time);
myInstancedMesh.setBonesAt(index);
```

### Raycasting tips

If you are not using a BVH, you can set the `raycastOnlyFrustum` property to **true** to avoid iterating over all instances.

It's recommended to use [three-mesh-bvh](https://github.com/gkjohnson/three-mesh-bvh) to create a geometry BVH.

## 🤝 Special thanks to

- [gkjohnson](https://github.com/gkjohnson)
- [manthrax](https://github.com/manthrax)
- [jungle_hacker](https://github.com/lambocorp)

## 📖 References

- [three-mesh-bvh](https://github.com/gkjohnson/three-mesh-bvh)
- [ErinCatto_DynamicBVH](https://box2d.org/files/ErinCatto_DynamicBVH_Full.pdf)