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Python interface to Bluetooth Low Energy devices with BlueZ.

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ble
===

Pythonic interface to Bluetooth Low Energy on Linux+bluez.

I was not content with the API offered by the existing projects, so I
added this layer on top.

Example
-------

```
$ python
>>> import ble
>>> dev = ble.discover_device(lambda d: ble.uuids.heart_rate in d.uuids)
>>> dev.connect()
>>> dev.battery_service.battery_level.value
[100]
>>> dev.heart_rate_service.heart_rate_measurement.notifying=True
>>> print dev.heart_rate_service.heart_rate_measurement.value
{'hr': 97}
```

Backends
--------

There are two interfaces to bluez that can be used. They are selected
by editing the "ble.py" file.

1. bluepy

https://github.com/IanHarvey/bluepy

bluepy uses the hci socket interface to bluez. This works well but
   it is deprecated and requires root access. bluepy uses a compiled
   helper application for this. To run bluepy as a non-root user, you
   can set that binary to be suid-root. I've included the script
   `setup_helper.sh` to accomplish this. *Note that this is bad
   security practice. Don't make an installer that does this.*

2. dbus

The other backend is shiny-new and crashes occasionally. Recent
   versions of bluez contain "GattService1" interfaces on the
   d-bus. So Python can directly control bluetooth without any shims
   or helper applications. To use this backend, download and compile
   bluez from the git repository. Then run bluetoothd with the
   experimental flag and plugins disabled.

My Ubuntu uses an ancient version of bluez, so I just build a git
   pull.

For Ubuntu 14.04, something like this works:

```
   $ git clone https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/bluetooth/bluez.git
   $ cd bluez
   $ ./bootstrap
   $ ./configure --disable-systemd --enable-experimental
   $ make
   $ sudo -s  # "sudo service bluetooth stop" doesn't work
   # service bluetooth stop 
   # src/bluetoothd -p x -n -E # no plugins, no detach, experimental enabled
   ```

Enable the dbus backend by editing `ble.py`. Maybe this will be
   runtime configurable in the future.

API
---

Services and characteristics are presented generically, but can be
extended by adding a profile definition in `profiles/`. Any Python
file in there is assumed to be profile definitions and will be loaded
automatically when the associated UUID is encountered. Each service
should be a class derived from ble.Service and each characteristic
should be a class derived from ble.Characteristic. Any service or
characteristic should have either a `uuid` class variable (to use an
existing UUID) or a `uuid_def` class variable (to name a new
UUID). See `cps_service.py` and `dfu_service.py` respectively for
examples of the two declarations.

Bluetooth SIG defined UUID values are already named using the
generated file `uuids.json`.

A characteristic is read and written using the property `.value` for
reading and writing profile-interpreted data or `.raw` for reading and
writing raw bytestrings. To receive notifications, set `.notify` to
true.  With notifications active, each read of `.raw.` or `.value`
will present a new notificaion value. (The property `.notify_timeout`
can be used to adjust the length of time for waiting for new values.)

Examples
--------

There are two examples included in the distribution.

`hr_client.py` connects to a heart rate monitor, prints ten heart rate readings, then attemps to reset the energy integrator.

`cps_client.py` connects to a power meter, prints a single power
notification, then does a calibration.

`example_dfu.py` connects to a Nordic Semiconductor nRF5x device with
the Nordic DFU installed, then updates the application from the zipped
firmware image prepared with `nrfutil`. This is a more complicated
example, but the protocol is well-documented on the Nordic devzone
website.

Hacking
-------

uuids.json is generated by the script https://github.com/IanHarvey/bluepy/blob/master/bluepy/get_services.py

`example_dfu.py` reliably crashes git bluetoothd on my computer.

Using properties for non-idempotent things like reading successive
notification feels like a weird API, but it's the closest mapping to
the GATT API. But suggestions for a cleaner API are welcome.

ble

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