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RAG-Anything

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"RAG-Anything: All-in-One RAG Framework"

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# 🚀 RAG-Anything: All-in-One RAG Framework

</div>

---

---

## 🎉 News
- [X] [2026.06]🎯📢 🎉 [LightRAG](https://github.com/HKUDS/LightRAG) enables multimodal RAG through native integration of RAG-Anything.
- [X] [2025.10]🎯📢 🚀 We have released the technical report of [RAG-Anything](http://arxiv.org/abs/2510.12323). Access it now to explore our latest research findings.
- [X] [2025.08]🎯📢 🔍 RAG-Anything now features **VLM-Enhanced Query** mode! When documents include images, the system seamlessly integrates them into VLM for advanced multimodal analysis, combining visual and textual context for deeper insights.
- [X] [2025.07]🎯📢 RAG-Anything now features a [context configuration module](docs/context_aware_processing.md), enabling intelligent integration of relevant contextual information to enhance multimodal content processing.
- [X] [2025.07]🎯📢 🚀 RAG-Anything now supports multimodal query capabilities, enabling enhanced RAG with seamless processing of text, images, tables, and equations.
- [X] [2025.07]🎯📢 🎉 RAG-Anything has reached 1k🌟 stars on GitHub! Thank you for your incredible support and valuable contributions to the project.

---

## 🌟 System Overview

*Next-Generation Multimodal Intelligence*

Modern documents increasingly contain diverse multimodal content—text, images, tables, equations, charts, and multimedia—that traditional text-focused RAG systems cannot effectively process. **RAG-Anything** addresses this challenge as a comprehensive **All-in-One Multimodal Document Processing RAG system** built on [LightRAG](https://github.com/HKUDS/LightRAG).

As a unified solution, RAG-Anything **eliminates the need for multiple specialized tools**. It provides **seamless processing and querying across all content modalities** within a single integrated framework. Unlike conventional RAG approaches that struggle with non-textual elements, our all-in-one system delivers **comprehensive multimodal retrieval capabilities**.

Users can query documents containing **interleaved text**, **visual diagrams**, **structured tables**, and **mathematical formulations** through **one cohesive interface**. This consolidated approach makes RAG-Anything particularly valuable for academic research, technical documentation, financial reports, and enterprise knowledge management where rich, mixed-content documents demand a **unified processing framework**.

</div>

### 🎯 Key Features

- **🔄 End-to-End Multimodal Pipeline** - Complete workflow from document ingestion and parsing to intelligent multimodal query answering
- **📄 Universal Document Support** - Seamless processing of PDFs, Office documents, images, and diverse file formats
- **🧠 Specialized Content Analysis** - Dedicated processors for images, tables, mathematical equations, and heterogeneous content types
- **🔗 Multimodal Knowledge Graph** - Automatic entity extraction and cross-modal relationship discovery for enhanced understanding
- **⚡ Adaptive Processing Modes** - Flexible MinerU-based parsing or direct multimodal content injection workflows
- **📋 Direct Content List Insertion** - Bypass document parsing by directly inserting pre-parsed content lists from external sources
- **🎯 Hybrid Intelligent Retrieval** - Advanced search capabilities spanning textual and multimodal content with contextual understanding

</div>

---

## 🏗️ Algorithm & Architecture

### Core Algorithm

**RAG-Anything** implements an effective **multi-stage multimodal pipeline** that fundamentally extends traditional RAG architectures to seamlessly handle diverse content modalities through intelligent orchestration and cross-modal understanding.

</div>

<div align="center">
  <div style="width: 100%; max-width: 600px; margin: 20px auto; padding: 20px; background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(0, 217, 255, 0.1) 0%, rgba(0, 217, 255, 0.05) 100%); border-radius: 15px; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 217, 255, 0.2);">
    <div style="display: flex; justify-content: space-around; align-items: center; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 20px;">
      <div style="text-align: center;">
        <div style="font-size: 24px; margin-bottom: 10px;">📄</div>
        <div style="font-size: 14px; color: #00d9ff;">Document Parsing</div>
      </div>
      <div style="font-size: 20px; color: #00d9ff;">→</div>
      <div style="text-align: center;">
        <div style="font-size: 24px; margin-bottom: 10px;">🧠</div>
        <div style="font-size: 14px; color: #00d9ff;">Content Analysis</div>
      </div>
      <div style="font-size: 20px; color: #00d9ff;">→</div>
      <div style="text-align: center;">
        <div style="font-size: 24px; margin-bottom: 10px;">🔍</div>
        <div style="font-size: 14px; color: #00d9ff;">Knowledge Graph</div>
      </div>
      <div style="font-size: 20px; color: #00d9ff;">→</div>
      <div style="text-align: center;">
        <div style="font-size: 24px; margin-bottom: 10px;">🎯</div>
        <div style="font-size: 14px; color: #00d9ff;">Intelligent Retrieval</div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

### 1. Document Parsing Stage

The system provides high-fidelity document extraction through adaptive content decomposition. It intelligently segments heterogeneous elements while preserving contextual relationships. Universal format compatibility is achieved via specialized optimized parsers.

**Key Components:**

- **⚙️ MinerU Integration**: Leverages [MinerU](https://github.com/opendatalab/MinerU) for high-fidelity document structure extraction and semantic preservation across complex layouts.

- **🧩 Adaptive Content Decomposition**: Automatically segments documents into coherent text blocks, visual elements, structured tables, mathematical equations, and specialized content types while preserving contextual relationships.

- **📁 Universal Format Support**: Provides comprehensive handling of PDFs, Office documents (DOC/DOCX/PPT/PPTX/XLS/XLSX), images, and emerging formats through specialized parsers with format-specific optimization.

</div>

### 2. Multi-Modal Content Understanding & Processing

The system automatically categorizes and routes content through optimized channels. It uses concurrent pipelines for parallel text and multimodal processing. Document hierarchy and relationships are preserved during transformation.

**Key Components:**

- **🎯 Autonomous Content Categorization and Routing**: Automatically identify, categorize, and route different content types through optimized execution channels.

- **⚡ Concurrent Multi-Pipeline Architecture**: Implements concurrent execution of textual and multimodal content through dedicated processing pipelines. This approach maximizes throughput efficiency while preserving content integrity.

- **🏗️ Document Hierarchy Extraction**: Extracts and preserves original document hierarchy and inter-element relationships during content transformation.

</div>

### 3. Multimodal Analysis Engine

The system deploys modality-aware processing units for heterogeneous data modalities:

**Specialized Analyzers:**

- **🔍 Visual Content Analyzer**:
  - Integrate vision model for image analysis.
  - Generates context-aware descriptive captions based on visual semantics.
  - Extracts spatial relationships and hierarchical structures between visual elements.

- **📊 Structured Data Interpreter**:
  - Performs systematic interpretation of tabular and structured data formats.
  - Implements statistical pattern recognition algorithms for data trend analysis.
  - Identifies semantic relationships and dependencies across multiple tabular datasets.

- **📐 Mathematical Expression Parser**:
  - Parses complex mathematical expressions and formulas with high accuracy.
  - Provides native LaTeX format support for seamless integration with academic workflows.
  - Establishes conceptual mappings between mathematical equations and domain-specific knowledge bases.

- **🔧 Extensible Modality Handler**:
  - Provides configurable processing framework for custom and emerging content types.
  - Enables dynamic integration of new modality processors through plugin architecture.
  - Supports runtime configuration of processing pipelines for specialized use cases.

</div>

### 4. Multimodal Knowledge Graph Index

The multi-modal knowledge graph construction module transforms document content into structured semantic representations. It extracts multimodal entities, establishes cross-modal relationships, and preserves hierarchical organization. The system applies weighted relevance scoring for optimized knowledge retrieval.

**Core Functions:**

- **🔍 Multi-Modal Entity Extraction**: Transforms significant multimodal elements into structured knowledge graph entities. The process includes semantic annotations and metadata preservation.

- **🔗 Cross-Modal Relationship Mapping**: Establishes semantic connections and dependencies between textual entities and multimodal components. This is achieved through automated relationship inference algorithms.

- **🏗️ Hierarchical Structure Preservation**: Maintains original document organization through "belongs_to" relationship chains. These chains preserve logical content hierarchy and sectional dependencies.

- **⚖️ Weighted Relationship Scoring**: Assigns quantitative relevance scores to relationship types. Scoring is based on semantic proximity and contextual significance within the document structure.

</div>

### 5. Modality-Aware Retrieval

The hybrid retrieval system combines vector similarity search with graph traversal algorithms for comprehensive content retrieval. It implements modality-aware ranking mechanisms and maintains relational coherence between retrieved elements to ensure contextually integrated information delivery.

**Retrieval Mechanisms:**

- **🔀 Vector-Graph Fusion**: Integrates vector similarity search with graph traversal algorithms. This approach leverages both semantic embeddings and structural relationships for comprehensive content retrieval.

- **📊 Modality-Aware Ranking**: Implements adaptive scoring mechanisms that weight retrieval results based on content type relevance. The system adjusts rankings according to query-specific modality preferences.

- **🔗 Relational Coherence Maintenance**: Maintains semantic and structural relationships between retrieved elements. This ensures coherent information delivery and contextual integrity.

</div>

---

## 🚀 Quick Start

*Initialize Your AI Journey*

### Installation

#### Option 1: Install from PyPI (Recommended)

```bash
# Basic installation
pip install raganything

# With optional dependencies for extended format support:
pip install 'raganything[all]'              # All optional features
pip install 'raganything[image]'            # Image format conversion (BMP, TIFF, GIF, WebP)
pip install 'raganything[text]'             # Text file processing (TXT, MD)
pip install 'raganything[image,text]'       # Multiple features
```

#### Option 2: Install from Source
```bash
# Install uv (if not already installed)
curl -LsSf https://astral.sh/uv/install.sh | sh

# Clone and setup the project with uv
git clone https://github.com/HKUDS/RAG-Anything.git
cd RAG-Anything

# Install the package and dependencies in a virtual environment
uv sync

# If you encounter network timeouts (especially for opencv packages):
# UV_HTTP_TIMEOUT=120 uv sync

# Run commands directly with uv (recommended approach)
uv run python examples/raganything_example.py --help

# Install with optional dependencies
uv sync --extra image --extra text  # Specific extras
uv sync --all-extras                 # All optional features
```

#### Optional Dependencies

- **`[image]`** - Enables processing of BMP, TIFF, GIF, WebP image formats (requires Pillow)
- **`[text]`** - Enables processing of TXT and MD files (requires ReportLab)
- **`[all]`** - Includes all Python optional dependencies

> **⚠️ Office Document Processing Requirements:**
> - Office documents (.doc, .docx, .ppt, .pptx, .xls, .xlsx) require **LibreOffice** installation
> - Download from [LibreOffice official website](https://www.libreoffice.org/download/download/)
> - **Windows**: Download installer from official website
> - **macOS**: `brew install --cask libreoffice`
> - **Ubuntu/Debian**: `sudo apt-get install libreoffice`
> - **CentOS/RHEL**: `sudo yum install libreoffice`

**Check MinerU installation:**

```bash
# Verify installation
mineru --version

# Check if properly configured
python -c "from raganything import RAGAnything; rag = RAGAnything(); print('✅ MinerU installed properly' if rag.check_parser_installation() else '❌ MinerU installation issue')"
```

Models are downloaded automatically on first use. For manual download, refer to [MinerU Model Source Configuration](https://github.com/opendatalab/MinerU/blob/master/README.md#22-model-source-configuration).

### Usage Examples

#### 1. End-to-End Document Processing

```python
import asyncio
from functools import partial
from raganything import RAGAnything, RAGAnythingConfig
from lightrag.llm.openai import openai_complete_if_cache, openai_embed
from lightrag.utils import EmbeddingFunc

async def main():
    # Set up API configuration
    api_key = "your-api-key"
    base_url = "your-base-url"  # Optional

# Create RAGAnything configuration
    config = RAGAnythingConfig(
        working_dir="./rag_storage",
        parser="mineru",  # Parser selection: mineru, docling, or paddleocr
        parse_method="auto",  # Parse method: auto, ocr, or txt
        enable_image_processing=True,
        enable_table_processing=True,
        enable_equation_processing=True,
    )

# Define LLM model function
    def llm_model_func(prompt, system_prompt=None, history_messages=[], **kwargs):
        return openai_complete_if_cache(
            "gpt-4o-mini",
            prompt,
            system_prompt=system_prompt,
            history_messages=history_messages,
            api_key=api_key,
            base_url=base_url,
            **kwargs,
        )

# Define vision model function for image processing
    def vision_model_func(
        prompt, system_prompt=None, history_messages=[], image_data=None, messages=None, **kwargs
    ):
        # If messages format is provided (for multimodal VLM enhanced query), use it directly
        if messages:
            return openai_complete_if_cache(
                "gpt-4o",
                "",
                system_prompt=None,
                history_messages=[],
                messages=messages,
                api_key=api_key,
                base_url=base_url,
                **kwargs,
            )
        # Traditional single image format
        elif image_data:
            return openai_complete_if_cache(
                "gpt-4o",
                "",
                system_prompt=None,
                history_messages=[],
                messages=[
                    {"role": "system", "content": system_prompt}
                    if system_prompt
                    else None,
                    {
                        "role": "user",
                        "content": [
                            {"type": "text", "text": prompt},
                            {
                                "type": "image_url",
                                "image_url": {
                                    "url": f"data:image/jpeg;base64,{image_data}"
                                },
                            },
                        ],
                    }
                    if image_data
                    else {"role": "user", "content": prompt},
                ],
                api_key=api_key,
                base_url=base_url,
                **kwargs,
            )
        # Pure text format
        else:
            return llm_model_func(prompt, system_prompt, history_messages, **kwargs)

# Define embedding function
    embedding_func = EmbeddingFunc(
        embedding_dim=3072,
        max_token_size=8192,
        func=partial(
            openai_embed.func,
            model="text-embedding-3-large",
            api_key=api_key,
            base_url=base_url,
        ),
    )

# Initialize RAGAnything
    rag = RAGAnything(
        config=config,
        llm_model_func=llm_model_func,
        vision_model_func=vision_model_func,
        embedding_func=embedding_func,
    )

# Process a document
    await rag.process_document_complete(
        file_path="path/to/your/document.pdf",
        output_dir="./output",
        parse_method="auto"
    )

# Query the processed content
    # Pure text query - for basic knowledge base search
    text_result = await rag.aquery(
        "What are the main findings shown in the figures and tables?",
        mode="hybrid"
    )
    print("Text query result:", text_result)

# Multimodal query with specific multimodal content
    multimodal_result = await rag.aquery_with_multimodal(
    "Explain this formula and its relevance to the document content",
    multimodal_content=[{
        "type": "equation",
        "latex": "P(d|q) = \\frac{P(q|d) \\cdot P(d)}{P(q)}",
        "equation_caption": "Document relevance probability"
    }],
    mode="hybrid"
)
    print("Multimodal query result:", multimodal_result)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    asyncio.run(main())
```

#### 2. Direct Multimodal Content Processing

```python
import asyncio
from functools import partial
from lightrag import LightRAG
from lightrag.llm.openai import openai_complete_if_cache, openai_embed
from lightrag.utils import EmbeddingFunc
from raganything.modalprocessors import ImageModalProcessor, TableModalProcessor

async def process_multimodal_content():
    # Set up API configuration
    api_key = "your-api-key"
    base_url = "your-base-url"  # Optional

# Initialize LightRAG
    rag = LightRAG(
        working_dir="./rag_storage",
        llm_model_func=lambda prompt, system_prompt=None, history_messages=[], **kwargs: openai_complete_if_cache(
            "gpt-4o-mini",
            prompt,
            system_prompt=system_prompt,
            history_messages=history_messages,
            api_key=api_key,
            base_url=base_url,
            **kwargs,
        ),
        embedding_func=EmbeddingFunc(
            embedding_dim=3072,
            max_token_size=8192,
            func=partial(
                openai_embed.func,
                model="text-embedding-3-large",
                api_key=api_key,
                base_url=base_url,
            ),
        )
    )
    await rag.initialize_storages()

# Process an image
    image_processor = ImageModalProcessor(
        lightrag=rag,
        modal_caption_func=lambda prompt, system_prompt=None, history_messages=[], image_data=None, **kwargs: openai_complete_if_cache(
            "gpt-4o",
            "",
            system_prompt=None,
            history_messages=[],
            messages=[
                {"role": "system", "content": system_prompt} if system_prompt else None,
                {"role": "user", "content": [
                    {"type": "text", "text": prompt},
                    {"type": "image_url", "image_url": {"url": f"data:image/jpeg;base64,{image_data}"}}
                ]} if image_data else {"role": "user", "content": prompt}
            ],
            api_key=api_key,
            base_url=base_url,
            **kwargs,
        ) if image_data else openai_complete_if_cache(
            "gpt-4o-mini",
            prompt,
            system_prompt=system_prompt,
            history_messages=history_messages,
            api_key=api_key,
            base_url=base_url,
            **kwargs,
        )
    )

image_content = {
        "img_path": "path/to/image.jpg",
        "image_caption": ["Figure 1: Experimental results"],
        "image_footnote": ["Data collected in 2024"]
    }

description, entity_info = await image_processor.process_multimodal_content(
        modal_content=image_content,
        content_type="image",
        file_path="research_paper.pdf",
        entity_name="Experimental Results Figure"
    )

# Process a table
    table_processor = TableModalProcessor(
        lightrag=rag,
        modal_caption_func=lambda prompt, system_prompt=None, history_messages=[], **kwargs: openai_complete_if_cache(
            "gpt-4o-mini",
            prompt,
            system_prompt=system_prompt,
            history_messages=history_messages,
            api_key=api_key,
            base_url=base_url,
            **kwargs,
        )
    )

table_content = {
        "table_body": """
        | Method | Accuracy | F1-Score |
        |--------|----------|----------|
        | RAGAnything | 95.2% | 0.94 |
        | Baseline | 87.3% | 0.85 |
        """,
        "table_caption": ["Performance Comparison"],
        "table_footnote": ["Results on test dataset"]
    }

description, entity_info = await table_processor.process_multimodal_content(
        modal_content=table_content,
        content_type="table",
        file_path="research_paper.pdf",
        entity_name="Performance Results Table"
    )

if __name__ == "__main__":
    asyncio.run(process_multimodal_content())
```

#### 3. Batch Processing

```python
# Process multiple documents
await rag.process_folder_complete(
    folder_path="./documents",
    output_dir="./output",
    file_extensions=[".pdf", ".docx", ".pptx"],
    recursive=True,
    max_workers=4
)
```

#### 4. Custom Modal Processors

```python
from raganything.modalprocessors import GenericModalProcessor

class CustomModalProcessor(GenericModalProcessor):
    async def process_multimodal_content(self, modal_content, content_type, file_path, entity_name):
        # Your custom processing logic
        enhanced_description = await self.analyze_custom_content(modal_content)
        entity_info = self.create_custom_entity(enhanced_description, entity_name)
        return await self._create_entity_and_chunk(enhanced_description, entity_info, file_path)
```

#### 5. Query Options

RAG-Anything provides three types of query methods:

**Pure Text Queries** - Direct knowledge base search using LightRAG:
```python
# Different query modes for text queries
text_result_hybrid = await rag.aquery("Your question", mode="hybrid")
text_result_local = await rag.aquery("Your question", mode="local")
text_result_global = await rag.aquery("Your question", mode="global")
text_result_naive = await rag.aquery("Your question", mode="naive")

# Synchronous version
sync_text_result = rag.query("Your question", mode="hybrid")
```

**VLM Enhanced Queries** - Automatically analyze images in retrieved context using VLM:
```python
# VLM enhanced query (automatically enabled when vision_model_func is provided)
vlm_result = await rag.aquery(
    "Analyze the charts and figures in the document",
    mode="hybrid"
    # vlm_enhanced=True is automatically set when vision_model_func is available
)

# Manually control VLM enhancement
vlm_enabled = await rag.aquery(
    "What do the images show in this document?",
    mode="hybrid",
    vlm_enhanced=True  # Force enable VLM enhancement
)

vlm_disabled = await rag.aquery(
    "What do the images show in this document?",
    mode="hybrid",
    vlm_enhanced=False  # Force disable VLM enhancement
)

# When documents contain images, VLM can see and analyze them directly
# The system will automatically:
# 1. Retrieve relevant context containing image paths
# 2. Load and encode images as base64
# 3. Send both text context and images to VLM for comprehensive analysis
```

**Multimodal Queries** - Enhanced queries with specific multimodal content analysis:
```python
# Query with table data
table_result = await rag.aquery_with_multimodal(
    "Compare these performance metrics with the document content",
    multimodal_content=[{
        "type": "table",
        "table_data": """Method,Accuracy,Speed
                        RAGAnything,95.2%,120ms
                        Traditional,87.3%,180ms""",
        "table_caption": "Performance comparison"
    }],
    mode="hybrid"
)

# Query with equation content
equation_result = await rag.aquery_with_multimodal(
    "Explain this formula and its relevance to the document content",
    multimodal_content=[{
        "type": "equation",
        "latex": "P(d|q) = \\frac{P(q|d) \\cdot P(d)}{P(q)}",
        "equation_caption": "Document relevance probability"
    }],
    mode="hybrid"
)
```

#### 6. Loading Existing LightRAG Instance

```python
import asyncio
from functools import partial
from raganything import RAGAnything, RAGAnythingConfig
from lightrag import LightRAG
from lightrag.llm.openai import openai_complete_if_cache, openai_embed
from lightrag.kg.shared_storage import initialize_pipeline_status
from lightrag.utils import EmbeddingFunc
import os

async def load_existing_lightrag():
    # Set up API configuration
    api_key = "your-api-key"
    base_url = "your-base-url"  # Optional

# First, create or load existing LightRAG instance
    lightrag_working_dir = "./existing_lightrag_storage"

# Check if previous LightRAG instance exists
    if os.path.exists(lightrag_working_dir) and os.listdir(lightrag_working_dir):
        print("✅ Found existing LightRAG instance, loading...")
    else:
        print("❌ No existing LightRAG instance found, will create new one")

# Create/load LightRAG instance with your configuration
    lightrag_instance = LightRAG(
        working_dir=lightrag_working_dir,
        llm_model_func=lambda prompt, system_prompt=None, history_messages=[], **kwargs: openai_complete_if_cache(
            "gpt-4o-mini",
            prompt,
            system_prompt=system_prompt,
            history_messages=history_messages,
            api_key=api_key,
            base_url=base_url,
            **kwargs,
        ),
        embedding_func=EmbeddingFunc(
            embedding_dim=3072,
            max_token_size=8192,
            func=partial(
                openai_embed.func,
                model="text-embedding-3-large",
                api_key=api_key,
                base_url=base_url,
            ),
        )
    )

# Initialize storage (this will load existing data if available)
    await lightrag_instance.initialize_storages()
    await initialize_pipeline_status()

# Define vision model function for image processing
    def vision_model_func(
        prompt, system_prompt=None, history_messages=[], image_data=None, messages=None, **kwargs
    ):
        # If messages format is provided (for multimodal VLM enhanced query), use it directly
        if messages:
            return openai_complete_if_cache(
                "gpt-4o",
                "",
                system_prompt=None,
                history_messages=[],
                messages=messages,
                api_key=api_key,
                base_url=base_url,
                **kwargs,
            )
        # Traditional single image format
        elif image_data:
            return openai_complete_if_cache(
                "gpt-4o",
                "",
                system_prompt=None,
                history_messages=[],
                messages=[
                    {"role": "system", "content": system_prompt}
                    if system_prompt
                    else None,
                    {
                        "role": "user",
                        "content": [
                            {"type": "text", "text": prompt},
                            {
                                "type": "image_url",
                                "image_url": {
                                    "url": f"data:image/jpeg;base64,{image_data}"
                                },
                            },
                        ],
                    }
                    if image_data
                    else {"role": "user", "content": prompt},
                ],
                api_key=api_key,
                base_url=base_url,
                **kwargs,
            )
        # Pure text format
        else:
            return lightrag_instance.llm_model_func(prompt, system_prompt, history_messages, **kwargs)

# Now use existing LightRAG instance to initialize RAGAnything
    rag = RAGAnything(
        lightrag=lightrag_instance,  # Pass existing LightRAG instance
        vision_model_func=vision_model_func,
        # Note: working_dir, llm_model_func, embedding_func, etc. are inherited from lightrag_instance
    )

# Query existing knowledge base
    result = await rag.aquery(
        "What data has been processed in this LightRAG instance?",
        mode="hybrid"
    )
    print("Query result:", result)

# Add new multimodal document to existing LightRAG instance
    await rag.process_document_complete(
        file_path="path/to/new/multimodal_document.pdf",
        output_dir="./output"
    )

if __name__ == "__main__":
    asyncio.run(load_existing_lightrag())
```

#### 7. Direct Content List Insertion

For scenarios where you already have a pre-parsed content list (e.g., from external parsers or previous processing), you can directly insert it into RAGAnything without document parsing:

async def insert_content_list_example():
    # Set up API configuration
    api_key = "your-api-key"
    base_url = "your-base-url"  # Optional

# Create RAGAnything configuration
    config = RAGAnythingConfig(
        working_dir="./rag_storage",
        enable_image_processing=True,
        enable_table_processing=True,
        enable_equation_processing=True,
    )

# Define model functions
    def llm_model_func(prompt, system_prompt=None, history_messages=[], **kwargs):
        return openai_complete_if_cache(
            "gpt-4o-mini",
            prompt,
            system_prompt=system_prompt,
            history_messages=history_messages,
            api_key=api_key,
            base_url=base_url,
            **kwargs,
        )

def vision_model_func(prompt, system_prompt=None, history_messages=[], image_data=None, messages=None, **kwargs):
        # If messages format is provided (for multimodal VLM enhanced query), use it directly
        if messages:
            return openai_complete_if_cache(
                "gpt-4o",
                "",
                system_prompt=None,
                history_messages=[],
                messages=messages,
                api_key=api_key,
                base_url=base_url,
                **kwargs,
            )
        # Traditional single image format
        elif image_data:
            return openai_complete_if_cache(
                "gpt-4o",
                "",
                system_prompt=None,
                history_messages=[],
                messages=[
                    {"role": "system", "content": system_prompt} if system_prompt else None,
                    {
                        "role": "user",
                        "content": [
                            {"type": "text", "text": prompt},
                            {"type": "image_url", "image_url": {"url": f"data:image/jpeg;base64,{image_data}"}}
                        ],
                    } if image_data else {"role": "user", "content": prompt},
                ],
                api_key=api_key,
                base_url=base_url,
                **kwargs,
            )
        # Pure text format
        else:
            return llm_model_func(prompt, system_prompt, history_messages, **kwargs)

embedding_func = EmbeddingFunc(
        embedding_dim=3072,
        max_token_size=8192,
        func=partial(
            openai_embed.func,
            model="text-embedding-3-large",
            api_key=api_key,
            base_url=base_url,
        ),
    )

# Initialize RAGAnything
    rag = RAGAnything(
        config=config,
        llm_model_func=llm_model_func,
        vision_model_func=vision_model_func,
        embedding_func=embedding_func,
    )

# Example: Pre-parsed content list from external source
    content_list = [
        {
            "type": "text",
            "text": "This is the introduction section of our research paper.",
            "page_idx": 0  # Page number where this content appears
        },
        {
            "type": "image",
            "img_path": "/absolute/path/to/figure1.jpg",  # IMPORTANT: Use absolute path
            "image_caption": ["Figure 1: System Architecture"],
            "image_footnote": ["Source: Authors' original design"],
            "page_idx": 1  # Page number where this image appears
        },
        {
            "type": "table",
            "table_body": "| Method | Accuracy | F1-Score |\n|--------|----------|----------|\n| Ours | 95.2% | 0.94 |\n| Baseline | 87.3% | 0.85 |",
            "table_caption": ["Table 1: Performance Comparison"],
            "table_footnote": ["Results on test dataset"],
            "page_idx": 2  # Page number where this table appears
        },
        {
            "type": "equation",
            "latex": "P(d|q) = \\frac{P(q|d) \\cdot P(d)}{P(q)}",
            "text": "Document relevance probability formula",
            "page_idx": 3  # Page number where this equation appears
        },
        {
            "type": "text",
            "text": "In conclusion, our method demonstrates superior performance across all metrics.",
            "page_idx": 4  # Page number where this content appears
        }
    ]

# Insert the content list directly
    await rag.insert_content_list(
        content_list=content_list,
        file_path="research_paper.pdf",  # Reference file name for citation
        split_by_character=None,         # Optional text splitting
        split_by_character_only=False,   # Optional text splitting mode
        doc_id=None,                     # Optional custom document ID (will be auto-generated if not provided)
        display_stats=True               # Show content statistics
    )

# Query the inserted content
    result = await rag.aquery(
        "What are the key findings and performance metrics mentioned in the research?",
        mode="hybrid"
    )
    print("Query result:", result)

# You can also insert multiple content lists with different document IDs
    another_content_list = [
        {
            "type": "text",
            "text": "This is content from another document.",
            "page_idx": 0  # Page number where this content appears
        },
        {
            "type": "table",
            "table_body": "| Feature | Value |\n|---------|-------|\n| Speed | Fast |\n| Accuracy | High |",
            "table_caption": ["Feature Comparison"],
            "page_idx": 1  # Page number where this table appears
        }
    ]

await rag.insert_content_list(
        content_list=another_content_list,
        file_path="another_document.pdf",
        doc_id="custom-doc-id-123"  # Custom document ID
    )

if __name__ == "__main__":
    asyncio.run(insert_content_list_example())
```

**Content List Format:**

The `content_list` should follow the standard format with each item being a dictionary containing:

- **Text content**: `{"type": "text", "text": "content text", "page_idx": 0}`
- **Image content**: `{"type": "image", "img_path": "/absolute/path/to/image.jpg", "image_caption": ["caption"], "image_footnote": ["note"], "page_idx": 1}`
- **Table content**: `{"type": "table", "table_body": "markdown table", "table_caption": ["caption"], "table_footnote": ["note"], "page_idx": 2}`
- **Equation content**: `{"type": "equation", "latex": "LaTeX formula", "text": "description", "page_idx": 3}`
- **Generic content**: `{"type": "custom_type", "content": "any content", "page_idx": 4}`

**Important Notes:**
- **`img_path`**: Must be an absolute path to the image file (e.g., `/home/user/images/chart.jpg` or `C:\Users\user\images\chart.jpg`)
- **`page_idx`**: Represents the page number where the content appears in the original document (0-based indexing)
- **Content ordering**: Items are processed in the order they appear in the list

This method is particularly useful when:
- You have content from external parsers (non-MinerU/Docling)
- You want to process programmatically generated content
- You need to insert content from multiple sources into a single knowledge base
- You have cached parsing results that you want to reuse

---

## 🛠️ Examples

*Practical Implementation Demos*

The `examples/` directory contains comprehensive usage examples:

- **`raganything_example.py`**: End-to-end document processing with MinerU
- **`modalprocessors_example.py`**: Direct multimodal content processing
- **`office_document_test.py`**: Office document parsing test with MinerU (no API key required)
- **`image_format_test.py`**: Image format parsing test with MinerU (no API key required)
- **`text_format_test.py`**: Text format parsing test with MinerU (no API key required)

**Run examples:**

```bash
# End-to-end processing with parser selection
python examples/raganything_example.py path/to/document.pdf --api-key YOUR_API_KEY --parser mineru

# Direct modal processing
python examples/modalprocessors_example.py --api-key YOUR_API_KEY

# Office document parsing test (MinerU only)
python examples/office_document_test.py --file path/to/document.docx

# Image format parsing test (MinerU only)
python examples/image_format_test.py --file path/to/image.bmp

# Text format parsing test (MinerU only)
python examples/text_format_test.py --file path/to/document.md

# Check LibreOffice installation
python examples/office_document_test.py --check-libreoffice --file dummy

# Check PIL/Pillow installation
python examples/image_format_test.py --check-pillow --file dummy

# Check ReportLab installation
python examples/text_format_test.py --check-reportlab --file dummy
```

---

## 🔧 Configuration

*System Optimization Parameters*

### Environment Variables

Create a `.env` file (refer to `.env.example`):

```bash
OPENAI_API_KEY=your_openai_api_key
OPENAI_BASE_URL=your_base_url  # Optional
OUTPUT_DIR=./output             # Default output directory for parsed documents
PARSER=mineru                   # Parser selection: mineru, docling, or paddleocr
PARSE_METHOD=auto              # Parse method: auto, ocr, or txt
```

**Note:** For backward compatibility, legacy environment variable names are still supported:
- `MINERU_PARSE_METHOD` is deprecated, please use `PARSE_METHOD`

> **Note**: API keys are only required for full RAG processing with LLM integration. The parsing test files (`office_document_test.py` and `image_format_test.py`) only test parser functionality and do not require API keys.

### Troubleshooting and multimodal checklist

- See **[docs/multimodal_rag_failure_modes.md](docs/multimodal_rag_failure_modes.md)** for a short checklist of common pipeline issues (OCR, tables, retrieval bias, debugging tips). Related: [#207](https://github.com/HKUDS/RAG-Anything/issues/207), [#213](https://github.com/HKUDS/RAG-Anything/issues/213).

### Public media URLs (CDN / object storage)

When ingestion runs on a server but your UI or another service needs **HTTPS** (or S3-style) links to figures, set:

```bash
# Base URL for assets (no trailing slash required)
RAGANYTHING_PUBLIC_ASSET_BASE_URL=https://my-bucket.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/prefix
# Filesystem root that should be stripped from absolute paths under that tree
RAGANYTHING_PUBLIC_ASSET_STRIP_PREFIX=/var/rag/output
```

After parsing, each non-empty `img_path`, `table_img_path`, or `equation_img_path` may gain a sibling field `*_public_url` while the original path stays on disk for local processing. See [#272](https://github.com/HKUDS/RAG-Anything/issues/272).

> **Scope today**: this mapping runs in the MinerU parser path only. Other parsers (e.g. Docling) keep working but will not produce `*_public_url` fields until the helper is wired into their content_list post-processing as well. If only one of the two env vars is set, RAG-Anything logs a warning and skips URL attachment.

### Parser Configuration

RAGAnything now supports multiple parsers, each with specific advantages:

#### MinerU Parser
- Supports PDF, images, Office documents, and more formats
- Powerful OCR and table extraction capabilities
- GPU acceleration support

#### Docling Parser
- Optimized for Office documents and HTML files
- Better document structure preservation
- Native support for multiple Office formats

#### PaddleOCR Parser
- OCR-focused parser for images and PDFs
- Produces text blocks compatible with existing `content_list` processing
- Supports optional Office/TXT/MD parsing by converting to PDF first

Install PaddleOCR parser extras:

```bash
pip install -e ".[paddleocr]"
# or
uv sync --extra paddleocr
```

> **Note**: PaddleOCR also requires `paddlepaddle` (CPU/GPU package varies by platform). Install it with the official guide: https://www.paddlepaddle.org.cn/install/quick

### MinerU Configuration

```bash
# MinerU 2.0 uses command-line parameters instead of config files
# Check available options:
mineru --help

# Common configurations:
mineru -p input.pdf -o output_dir -m auto    # Automatic parsing mode
mineru -p input.pdf -o output_dir -m ocr     # OCR-focused parsing
mineru -p input.pdf -o output_dir -b pipeline --device cuda  # GPU acceleration
```

You can also configure parsing through RAGAnything parameters:

```python
# Basic parsing configuration with parser selection
await rag.process_document_complete(
    file_path="document.pdf",
    output_dir="./output/",
    parse_method="auto",          # or "ocr", "txt"
    parser="mineru"               # Optional: "mineru", "docling", or "paddleocr"
)

# Advanced parsing configuration with special parameters
await rag.process_document_complete(
    file_path="document.pdf",
    output_dir="./output/",
    parse_method="auto",          # Parsing method: "auto", "ocr", "txt"
    parser="mineru",              # Parser selection: "mineru", "docling", or "paddleocr"

# MinerU special parameters - all supported kwargs:
    lang="ch",                   # Document language for OCR optimization (e.g., "ch", "en", "ja")
    device="cuda:0",             # Inference device: "cpu", "cuda", "cuda:0", "npu", "mps"
    start_page=0,                # Starting page number (0-based, for PDF)
    end_page=10,                 # Ending page number (0-based, for PDF)
    formula=True,                # Enable formula parsing
    table=True,                  # Enable table parsing
    backend="pipeline",          # Parsing backend: pipeline|hybrid-auto-engine|hybrid-http-client|vlm-auto-engine|vlm-http-client.
    source="huggingface",        # Model source: "huggingface", "modelscope", "local"
    # vlm_url="http://127.0.0.1:3000" # Service address when using backend=vlm-http-client

# Standard RAGAnything parameters
    display_stats=True,          # Display content statistics
    split_by_character=None,     # Optional character to split text by
    doc_id=None                  # Optional document ID
)
```

> **Note**: MinerU 2.0 no longer uses the `magic-pdf.json` configuration file. All settings are now passed as command-line parameters or function arguments. RAG-Anything supports multiple document parsers, including MinerU, Docling, and PaddleOCR.

### Processing Requirements

Different content types require specific optional dependencies:

- **Office Documents** (.doc, .docx, .ppt, .pptx, .xls, .xlsx): Install [LibreOffice](https://www.libreoffice.org/download/download/)
- **Extended Image Formats** (.bmp, .tiff, .gif, .webp): Install with `pip install raganything[image]`
- **Text Files** (.txt, .md): Install with `pip install raganything[text]`
- **PaddleOCR Parser** (`parser="paddleocr"`): Install with `pip install raganything[paddleocr]`, then install `paddlepaddle` for your platform

> **📋 Quick Install**: Use `pip install raganything[all]` to enable all format support (Python dependencies only - LibreOffice still needs separate installation)

---

## 🧪 Supported Content Types

### Document Formats

- **PDFs** - Research papers, reports, presentations
- **Office Documents** - DOC, DOCX, PPT, PPTX, XLS, XLSX
- **Images** - JPG, PNG, BMP, TIFF, GIF, WebP
- **Text Files** - TXT, MD

### Multimodal Elements

- **Images** - Photographs, diagrams, charts, screenshots
- **Tables** - Data tables, comparison charts, statistical summaries
- **Equations** - Mathematical formulas in LaTeX format
- **Generic Content** - Custom content types via extensible processors

*For installation of format-specific dependencies, see the [Configuration](#-configuration) section.*

---

## 📖 Citation

*Academic Reference*

If you find RAG-Anything useful in your research, please cite our paper:

```bibtex
@misc{guo2025raganythingallinoneragframework,
      title={RAG-Anything: All-in-One RAG Framework},
      author={Zirui Guo and Xubin Ren and Lingrui Xu and Jiahao Zhang and Chao Huang},
      year={2025},
      eprint={2510.12323},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.AI},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.12323},
}
```

---

## 🔗 Related Projects

*Ecosystem & Extensions*

<div align="center">
  <table>
    <tr>
      <td align="center">
        <a href="https://github.com/HKUDS/LightRAG">
          <div style="width: 100px; height: 100px; background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(0, 217, 255, 0.1) 0%, rgba(0, 217, 255, 0.05) 100%); border-radius: 15px; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 217, 255, 0.2); display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 10px;">
            <span style="font-size: 32px;">⚡</span>
          </div>
          <b>LightRAG</b><br>
          <sub>Simple and Fast RAG</sub>
        </a>
      </td>
      <td align="center">
        <a href="https://github.com/HKUDS/VideoRAG">
          <div style="width: 100px; height: 100px; background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(0, 217, 255, 0.1) 0%, rgba(0, 217, 255, 0.05) 100%); border-radius: 15px; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 217, 255, 0.2); display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 10px;">
            <span style="font-size: 32px;">🎥</span>
          </div>
          <b>VideoRAG</b><br>
          <sub>Extreme Long-Context Video RAG</sub>
        </a>
      </td>
      <td align="center">
        <a href="https://github.com/HKUDS/MiniRAG">
          <div style="width: 100px; height: 100px; background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(0, 217, 255, 0.1) 0%, rgba(0, 217, 255, 0.05) 100%); border-radius: 15px; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 217, 255, 0.2); display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 10px;">
            <span style="font-size: 32px;">✨</span>
          </div>
          <b>MiniRAG</b><br>
          <sub>Extremely Simple RAG</sub>
        </a>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </table>
</div>

---

## ⭐ Star History

*Community Growth Trajectory*

---

## 🤝 Contribution

*Join the Innovation*

<div align="center">
  We thank all our contributors for their valuable contributions.
</div>

---

RAG-Anything

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