PythonGUITemplate

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PythonGUITemplate

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A batteries-included starting point for scientific desktop GUIs in Python, built on Traits, TraitsUI, Matplotlib and Mayavi.

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# Python GUI Template

A batteries-included starting point for scientific desktop GUIs in Python, built on Traits, TraitsUI, Matplotlib and Mayavi.

[![CI](https://github.com/bgriffen/PythonGUITemplate/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/bgriffen/PythonGUITemplate/actions/workflows/ci.yml)
[![Python](https://img.shields.io/badge/python-3.9%20%7C%203.10%20%7C%203.11%20%7C%203.12-blue)](https://www.python.org/)
[![License: MIT](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-MIT-green)](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bgriffen/PythonGUITemplate/master/LICENSE)
[![Code style: ruff](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-ruff-261230)](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff)

</div>

Clone it, run it, then replace the example panels with your own. You get a
resizable two-pane window with an embedded Matplotlib canvas (including the
standard navigation toolbar), an optional Mayavi 3D scene, and tabbed control
panels wired to the display — all of which usually take a frustrating afternoon
to assemble from scratch.

## Features

- **Embedded Matplotlib canvas** with the full navigation toolbar, in a
  resizable split pane.
- **Runs under Qt or wx.** The Matplotlib editor picks the right canvas for
  whichever ETS toolkit is active, so you are not locked into wxPython.
- **Optional 3D.** Mayavi powers a 3D scene tab when installed; when it is not,
  the tab degrades to an install hint and everything else keeps working.
- **Live-updating controls.** Marker colour, style and size apply to the
  current plot immediately; panel controls redraw as you drag them.
- **Two worked example panels** covering the editors you will actually reach
  for — ranges, enums, booleans, buttons, directory and file pickers,
  `enabled_when`, read-only readouts and CSV export.
- **Tested and linted**, with a headless pytest suite and CI.

## Requirements

- Python 3.9 or newer
- One GUI toolkit: **Qt** (recommended) or **wx**
- TraitsUI 7.2+ — older versions render black backgrounds and other oddities

## Installation

```bash
git clone https://github.com/bgriffen/PythonGUITemplate.git
cd PythonGUITemplate
python -m venv .venv && source .venv/bin/activate
```

Then install with the toolkit you want. Pick **one**:

```bash
pip install -e '.[qt]'    # Qt via PySide6 - recommended, installs cleanly everywhere
pip install -e '.[wx]'    # wxPython - the original backend
```

Qt is the easier of the two to install; wxPython frequently needs to build from
source on Linux. If you install both, set `ETS_TOOLKIT=qt` (or `wx`) to say
which one wins.

### Optional: the 3D scene

```bash
pip install -e '.[qt,3d]'
```

This pulls in Mayavi and VTK — a large download and the most fragile part of
the stack. It is entirely optional: without it the app runs normally and the
Mayavi tab shows installation instructions instead.

## Running

```bash
python main.py
```

or, equivalently:

```bash
python -m pyguitemplate
pyguitemplate              # console script, after installing
```

On macOS with the **wx** backend you may need `pythonw main.py` instead, so the
process is treated as a proper windowed application. This is not necessary
under Qt.

## Project layout

```
pyguitemplate/
├── app.py               # ApplicationMain: the window, the split layout, shared plot state
├── mpl_editor.py        # Toolkit-agnostic TraitsUI editor embedding a Matplotlib figure
├── scene.py             # Mayavi 3D tab, with a fallback when Mayavi is missing
├── colors.py            # ColorTrait -> Matplotlib colour conversion
└── panels/
    ├── first_panel.py   # Example: a tour of the common Traits editors
    └── second_panel.py  # Example: a small signal generator with CSV export
tests/                   # Headless pytest suite
main.py                  # Launcher
```

## Adding your own panel

Panels are plain `HasTraits` classes. They receive the `ApplicationMain`
instance so they can drive the shared display, and they declare a `View` that
lays out their controls.

```python
# pyguitemplate/panels/my_panel.py
import numpy as np
from traits.api import Any, Button, HasTraits, Range
from traitsui.api import Item, View

class MyPanel(HasTraits):
    main = Any()

exponent = Range(1.0, 4.0, 2.0)
    plotbutton = Button("Plot")

view = View(
        Item("exponent", label="Exponent"),
        Item("plotbutton", show_label=False),
    )

def replot(self):
        x = np.linspace(0.0, 5.0, 200)
        self.main.plot(x, x**self.exponent)

# Traits calls this automatically whenever `exponent` changes.
    def _exponent_changed(self):
        self.replot()

def _plotbutton_fired(self):
        self.replot()

def __init__(self, main, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self.main = main
```

Then register it in `app.py` — add an `Instance` trait, a `_my_panel_default`
factory, and an `Item` in `right_panel`:

```python
my_panel = Instance(MyPanel)

def _my_panel_default(self):
    return MyPanel(self)

right_panel = Tabbed(
    ...,
    Item("my_panel", style="custom", label="My Tab", show_label=False),
)
```

Two conventions worth following:

- **Plot through `main.plot(x, y)`** rather than touching the figure yourself.
  It records the line it draws, which is what lets the marker controls restyle
  it afterwards.
- **Run colours through `to_mpl_color()`** if you read a `ColorTrait`.
  TraitsUI stores a toolkit-native `QColor`/`wx.Colour`, and Matplotlib rejects
  both.

## Testing

```bash
pip install -e '.[qt,dev]'
pytest
```

The suite never opens a window — it builds the trait objects and inspects the
Matplotlib figure directly — so it runs headless. On a machine with no display,
set `QT_QPA_PLATFORM=offscreen`.

```bash
ruff check .          # lint
ruff format .         # format
```

## Troubleshooting

| Symptom | Cause and fix |
| --- | --- |
| `ImportError` naming a toolkit on startup | No GUI toolkit installed. `pip install -e '.[qt]'`. |
| Black backgrounds, misdrawn widgets | TraitsUI older than 7.2. Upgrade it. |
| Mayavi tab shows an install hint | Expected without Mayavi. `pip install -e '.[qt,3d]'` to enable it. |
| Wrong toolkit picked when both installed | Set `ETS_TOOLKIT=qt` or `ETS_TOOLKIT=wx`. |
| Window does not focus on macOS (wx) | Launch with `pythonw main.py`, or use the Qt backend. |
| `qt.qpa.plugin` errors on a headless Linux box | Set `QT_QPA_PLATFORM=offscreen`. |

## Further reading

- [Traits documentation](https://docs.enthought.com/traits/)
- [TraitsUI documentation](https://docs.enthought.com/traitsui/) and its
  [tutorials](https://docs.enthought.com/traitsui/tutorials/index.html)
- [Mayavi documentation](https://docs.enthought.com/mayavi/mayavi/)

## License

MIT — see [LICENSE](LICENSE).

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